Voluntourism Self-Interest or Altruism - 1973 Words

Volunteer Tourism: Self-Interest or Altruism? Abstract The idea to traveling, of seeing new places, cultures, and hearing new languages has fascinated humanity for centuries. Today, one can travel physically, just about any place in the world, or electronically. The ease with which society has created technological linkages between incredibly disparate cultures and people is something at which one can truly marvel, and something quite successful, the result of which has been to unify the world, in a metaphorical, highly technological way. Yet tourism is still in vogue. Undoubtedly, many travel for fun, on business, or voluntarily. While one may understand the previous two concepts fully, one must wonder at the third. This paper will talk about volunteer tourism, thus, to better understand it, as well as to better explain it and examine whether it is done in the promotion of self-interest or simply through altruistic ideals. Introduction Definition of Voluntourism In order to be able to speak about volunteer tourism one must first understand what it means. This concept goes by many different names, one of the most common of which is voluntourism. In essence, what this type of tourism implies is that an individual could travel some place, at a discounted rate, in exchange for some sort of favor, volunteer capacity, etc. and in this way, one could theoretically afford to go wherever he or she wishes, as well as help that community in some way. The formal definitionShow MoreRelatedvolunteer tourism Essay9739 Words   |  39 Pages 2004). The research generally accepted that the volunteer tourist sought altruistic experiences that were different from the mass tourist. Furthermore, the research identified a number of positive motivations for volunteer tourism, including altruism, self-development, giving back to the host community, participating in community development, and cultural understanding (Brown, 2005;Brown Morrison, 2003;Callanan Thomas , 2005;Coghlan, 2008;McIntosh Zahra, 2007;Stoddart Rogerson, 2004; Wearing

The Importance of Labeling of Goods and Products Free Essays

In the grocery store anyone can find a plethora of goods that have the potential to improve human life in the simplest ways. Goods such as a Snickers bar, which can provide a little relaxation from an insane day at the job, or a gallon of milk, so that the kids can have something to drink with the nutritious breakfast that was also bought at the grocery store. Yet one aisle in this great place of choices destroys the relaxing candy bar or the weekly gallon of milk. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Labeling of Goods and Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now This aisle is heavily perfumed and can not be avoided because it is placed smack-dab in the middle of the store. This aisle is the chemical aisle. It contains things from Mr. Clean, which cleans up the spilled milk that dried on the linoleum floor, to Raid which is supposed to get rid of flies at the next family bar-b-que. Even though life in general would be easier and more enjoyable without insects that can be bothersome, it is not necessary to pollute the air, ground, food, and liquids that are used daily by the inhabitants of the planet Earth, nor is it necessary to give misleading information about the products being used to boost sales and get a higher profit. The government should make stricter laws on the labeling of goods that contain chemicals which could be potentially hazardous to one’s health. First, â€Å"corporations are trying to mislead consumers into believing household pesticides are harmless,† according to Marion Moses, M. D. of the Pesticide Education Center in San Francisco (â€Å"Latest Organic†). Raid, a product produced by S. C. Johnson Corporation, which is used to kill roaches, ants, and flies, has inscribed on the side of its container â€Å"Made with pyrethrins: pyrethrin insecticide is made from flowers† (18). That fact is very reassuring in its own way, but what is not mentioned on the label is that only eight-tenths of one percent of Pyrethrin is actually used in the production of Raid (18), and that the most active ingredient is Dursban which can cause numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, headache, dizziness, tremor, nausea, just to name a few(Extoxnet). Also, over ninety-eight percent of Raids ingredients are inert, which do not have to be named on the label (â€Å"Latest Organic†). The government must stop companies from being able to hide ingredients used in their products and should be forced to tell the general public what is being used in the products. It is interesting to know that some of the most dangerous chemicals are not labeled, and, if they are, Dursban for example, they are labeled as something that does not pose any sort of danger. Yet even if the chemicals are labeled, and all of the amounts are placed on the back of the product so that the consumer can see what is used in the item, who is going to go home and look the chemicals up in places like the Extoxnet site or in the encyclopedia to see if the chemical will hurt them. But still, those problems can be solved easily if the companies would just sit down and consider what is being done to the public and what should be done to solve the problem. Fruits and vegetables are another problem all of there own though. It would be scary to see a label rite on the skin of an apple or a leaf of lettus. A list, that could be easily accessible, should be made up that states all of the chemicals sprayed on fruit. This way the dangers of chemicals such as Fonofos, which is primarily used on corn crops(Extoxnet), would be available and people would be aware of the potential hazards that come with the chemicals used in their products. Labeling or letting the general public know what is being used on apples to keep worms off them should be enforced by the government. It would be a relatively easy process since the companies already know what chemicals are being used on their products. But as long as Corporate America still feels the need to hide every little thing from the public, the public is doomed to walk up and down the aisles of the supermarket so that they can find one can of insecticide that might be able to kill the flies which are flying around the potato salad. How to cite The Importance of Labeling of Goods and Products, Papers

On Modernism and Carl Sandburg’s Poetry Essay Sample free essay sample

The period of modernist literature started in the 19th century as a consequence of assorted events. The oncoming of the two World Wars every bit good as the rise of many philosophical and psychological thoughts and instructions all filtered into the manner literature is viewed. The influences of Friedrich Nietzsche’s â€Å"God is dead† creed. Sigmund Freud’s position of the unconscious as a beginning of significance. and Karl Marx’s impression that the consciousness is predetermined by socio-historical factors all contributed to the new manner of authorship and looking at literature ( Leitch. 14-20 ) . Some of the features of modernist literature are atomization and discontinuity. complex linguistic communication with much allusiveness and sarcasm. experimentation of signifier. and anti-realism and concentrate on the person. This paper aims to read some of Carl Sandburg’s poems—â€Å"Chicago. † â€Å"The Harbor. † â€Å"Fog. â €  â€Å"Cool Tombs. † and â€Å"Grass†Ã¢â‚¬â€in the visible radiation of modernism. It besides intends to construe and elaborate on the above properties of modern literature in Sandburg’s poesy. We will write a custom essay sample on On Modernism and Carl Sandburg’s Poetry Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After much slaughter and desolation brought by the two World Wars. the people are left feeling misplaced and disoriented in the society. which they thought before to be a secure and stable 1. This supplanting felt by the people is mirrored in the plants of literature produced during this clip. Modernist literature is â€Å"marked by a interruption with the sequential. developmental. cause-and-effect presentation of the ‘reality’ of realist fiction toward a presentation of experience as layered. allusive. discontinuous† ( Lye. n. p. ) . The sudden displacement of the people reality—from stableness to uncertainty—after the wars is represented by a literature full of discontinuity. displacements. and sheathings. In Sandburg’s poesy. this discontinuity can be seen through his apposition of two contrasting images. In â€Å"The Harbor. † he juxtaposed the image of â€Å"women [ with ] hunger-deep eyes / Haunted with shadows of hunger-hands† in â€Å"huddled and ugly walls† with that of â€Å"Masses of great grey wings / And winging white abdomens / Veering and wheeling free in the open† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . The former image is that of imprisonment—imprisonment both physically. within the restraints of the â€Å"huddled and ugly walls. † and metaphysically. within the appreciation of hungriness and agony. The latter image. on the other manus. symbolizes freedom like those of a â€Å"fluttering storm of chumps. † The conditions of both groups are even more highlighted as they are placed side by side with each other. Tightening of signifier is besides a characteristic of modernism. â€Å"An accent on coherence. interrelation and deepness in the construction of the aesthetic object and of experience. † tightening of signifier is shown through motive. important analogues ; different voices ; every bit good as displacements and sheathings in clip. topographic point. and position ( Lye. n. p. ) . An illustration of important correspondence in Sandburg’s poesy can be found in the verse form â€Å"Fog. † where the fog is compared to a cat that â€Å"comes / on small cat pess / It sits looking / over the seaport and city† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . Both can travel softly. go throughing through everything in silence. before traveling to another topographic point. Tightening of signifier can besides be illustrated in the motive that the poet or the writer uses in his work. Motif is a repeating object. construct. or construction in a work of literature ( Oxford ) . Motifs are of import because it emphasizes the point and subjects that the writer wants to portray in his work ; this enables the reader to do an accurate reading of the author’s work. The image of cool grave is a motive that is present in Sandburg’s â€Å"Cool Tombs. † Here. he once more uses apposition with the images of Abraham Lincoln. Ulysses Grant. Pocahontas. â€Å"people purchasing apparels and food markets. heartening a hero or throwing confetti and blowing Sn horns. † â€Å"lovers. † and â€Å"losers† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . These people. in malice of their differences in stature and background. all portion the same thing—all of them will return to dust â€Å"in the cool tombs† ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . The poet wanted to st ress the equality that comes with decease. Peoples. regardless of who they are and what they do. will all have the same terminal: decease. Death is merely one of the most common subjects that are present in modern literature. Partially due to the aftereffects of wars. decease became a major subject of many modern pieces of literature. Death is besides accompanied by other subjects such as â€Å"the hunt for land of significance in a universe without God [ and ] the loss of significance and hope in the modern universe and an geographic expedition of how this loss may be faced† ( Lye. n. p. ) . This loss of hope can be seen in the verse form â€Å"Chicago. † The poem’s character became face to face with decease and hungriness in the â€Å"City of the Big Shoulders: † as depicted in the lines â€Å"I have seen the gunslinger putting to death and travel free to kill again† and â€Å"On the faces of adult females and kids I have seen the Markss of wanton hungriness. † However. toward the terminal of the verse form. a declaration can be seen as depicted in the lines â€Å"Bareheaded. / Shoveling. / Wrecking. / Planning. / Building. breakage. reconstructing. † ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . The loss of hope nowadays in the beginning of the verse form is met with a promise of something better. While decease and the loss of hope are confronted in the verse form â€Å"Chicago. † they were tried to be concealed in the verse form â€Å"Grass. † The grass in this verse form served to conceal the organic structures murdered in the conflicts in Gettysburg and Waterloo. in Austerlitz. Ypres. and Verdun. While the first verse form tried to happen a declaration for the job. the 2nd 1 showed a more inactive action—covering up decease as if by making so it can be forgotten. as if it did non go on. The â€Å"grass† wanted to make its work of concealing decease. these hemorrhoids of organic structures. until â€Å"Two old ages. ten old ages. and riders [ would ] inquire the music director: / What topographic point is this? / Where are we now? ’ ( Sandburg. n. p. ) . Modern literature. specifically modern poesy. is complex. covering with assorted issues of the person within a surroundings of a tattered society ; something that Carl Sandburg was able to represent in his plants. Plants Cited: Leitch. Vincent. et. Al. explosive detection systems.The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism.New York: W. W. Norton A ; Company. 2001. Lye. John. â€Å"Some Attributes of Modernist Literature. † 29 September 1997. Brock University. 16 November 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. brocku. ca/english/courses/2F55/modernism. hypertext markup language gt ; . Sandburg. Carl.Chicago Poems. August 1999. Bartleby. com. 16 November 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bartleby. com/165/ gt ; . Sandburg. Carl.Cornhuskers. July 1999. Bartleby. com. 16 November 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bartleby. com/134/ gt ; . A Handbook to Literature.The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Footings

Chapter 8 Judaism True/False Flashcard

Chapter 8 Judaism True/False

Distribution of States Essays

Distribution of States Essays Distribution of States Essay Distribution of States Essay Should India be broken up into smaller states? After the decision to give statehood to Telangana, many analysts want a new States Reorganization Commission. India today has 28 states. Assuming 20% population growth since the last census, Uttar Pradesh has 198 million people, more than Brazil, Russia or Pakistan. Maharashtra has 106 million, West Bengal 96 million and Andhra Pradesh 90 million. All are much bigger than France or Britain. At the other end of the scale, Sikkim has just 0. 6 million people, Mizoram 1. 1 million and Arunachal Pradesh 1. 3 million.Clearly, statehood has been determined by political expediency, not logic. Is there an economic case for carving smaller states out of large ones? Some analysts say small states won’t be economically viable. Others believe small states will fare better, since ordinary people will have better access to power elites. Consider the record of three states carved out of larger ones in 2000 Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand. Ignore data for the first few transitional years. Instead, focus on the average growth rate of gross state domestic product for the last five years, from 2004-05 to 2008-09.Amazingly, all three new states have grown fabulously fast. Uttarakhand has averaged 9. 31% growth annually, Jharkhand 8. 45%, and Chattisgarh 7. 35%. All three states belong to what was historically called the BIMARU zone, a slough of despond where humans and economies stagnated. Out of this stagnant pool have now emerged highly dynamic states. Some caveats are in order. The central government exempted industries in Uttarakhand from excise duty, a concession already applicable to other hill states such as Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir and the north-eastern states.Many big industries rushed to Uttarakhand for the tax break, giving the state’s growth an artificial boost. Still, Uttarakhand easily outperformed Himachal Pradesh (8. 47%) and Kashmir (5. 98%). Remember, Uttarakhand was once considered the poorest, most backward part of UP. After statehood, it has become a growth champion. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were the most backward parts of Bihar and Madhya Pradesh, which in turn were among the most backward states of India. Yet, after becoming separate states, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh have emerged as industrial dynamos.Both have large tribal belts with pathetic infrastructure. In Chhattisgarh, four-fifths of habitations lack road access. Both states have ample minerals like coal and iron ore. But this was not an economic advantage when they were part of larger states. Rather, their mineral revenues were diverted to state capitals. This diversion ended after they became separate states. Their rapid economic growth has been tainted by massive corruption. Sheer money power enabled an independent, Madhu Koda, to become chief minister of Jharkhand and rule for years.He handed out dozens of mining licences, instead of auctioning them to the highest bidder. Alas, this problem affects the whole of India: Natural resources from coal to the telecom spectrum are constantly gifted to favoured parties instead of being auctioned, and this enables politicians to amass fortunes. But just as the telecom revolution has been good for India despite corruption, so has private entry into mining and processing. Jharkhand and Chattisgarh are not growing fast simply through mining.They have experienced a manufacturing boom. Read what research firm Indicus Analytica has to show: Since 2001, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh have moved up into the top 10 (industrial states), displacing Rajasthan and Punjab The phenomenal growth in these two states has seen the share of manufacturing in their GDP rise dramatically as they have attracted industrial projects. Looking at the share of income that originates in the manufacturing sector, these two states have shown higher levels than Maharashtra, Haryana and Tamil NaduBeing newer and smaller states, they responded more rapidly than their larger - and in some cases better endowed neighbours†¦ Raipur in Chhattisgarh has now entered the top 10 districts of India in manufacturing, with two industrial estates at Urla and Siltara. Now, millions of tribals have been bypassed, especially in remote areas where Maoism flourishes. However, the biggest tribal agitations against giant mining projects are in Orissa. The big Jharkhand projects of Tata and Mittal are in limbo since the state has stalled land acquisition.The neglect of tribals and consequent rise of Maoism is a blot on the record of Jharkhand and Chattisgarh. The creation of the vigilante Salwa Judum to counter Maoists in Chattisgarh has widely been condemned for violating civil rights. The two states account for 68% of all Maoist attacks. That’s bad for civil rights and security. Yet, achieving fast growth amidst such insurgency is a major economic feat. It highlights the dynamism created when backward regions become separate states. Hopefully, this economic dynamism will help mitigate the backwardness on which Maoism thrives.

Zircon, Zirconia, Zirconium Minerals

Zircon, Zirconia, Zirconium Minerals Zircon may seem a bit drab next to those infomercials for cheap cubic zirconia jewelry. The zirconium minerals are a serious bunch. Zircon Zircon makes a nice gem but its out of favor these days. Zircon- zirconium silicate or ZrSiO4- is a hard stone, ranking 7 ½ on the Mohs scale, but other stones are harder and its colors arent unique. Tradition has a slim dossier on zircon; one site says that it was reputed to aid sleep, bring prosperity, and promote honor and wisdom, but hey, just having the money to own jewels is good for that. It does have some minor mineralogical distinctions. Its the only gem in the tetragonal crystal class, for what that is worth. And its the densest of the major gemstones, but that means a zircon of a given carat weight is smaller than any other gem of equal weight. Maybe zircon can gain more respect if we look at its value to geologists. Zircon grains occur almost everywhere there are sediments because the mineral is so tough. It rises through the crust in igneous rocks and is eroded into the stream system, washed out to sea, and laid down in the sediment beds where it becomes part of the next cycle of sandstone and shale- totally unaffected! Zircon is the ultimate geological recyclable; it can even endure metamorphism. That makes it a great indicator mineral. If you find it in granite in one place, and in a sandstone somewhere else, you have learned something about the geologic history and geographic setting that brought the zircons from the first to the second place. The other thing about zircon is its impurities, especially uranium. The uranium-lead (U-Pb) system of dating rocks has been refined to great accuracy, and U-Pb zircon dating is now a precise tool for rocks as old as Earth itself, some 4.6 billion years. Zircon is good for this because it holds these elements tightly. Zircon is usually pronounced ZURKn, although you also hear ZUR-KON. Zirconia/Baddeleyite Cubic zirconia or CZ is known as a fake diamond, but I think it should instead be considered a superior zircon. CZ is a manufactured oxide compound, ZrO2, not a silicate, and zirconia is a chemical name, not a mineral name. There is a naturally occurring form of zirconia, called baddeleyite. The difference between baddeleyite and CZ is the way the zirconium and oxygen atoms are packed: the mineral is a monoclinic  crystal and the gem is cubic (isometric), the same crystal structure as diamond. That makes CZ extremely hard- only diamond, sapphire, and chrysoberyl can scratch it. The United States stockpiles over 14,000 tonnes of baddeleyite for its zirconium content. Like zircon, it is useful for dating extremely old rocks, though unlike zircon its use is limited to igneous rocks. Baddeleyite is pronounced ba-DELLY-ite by most geologists, but those who know better pronounce it BAD-ly-ite. Zirconolite Zirconolite, CaZrTi2O7, is neither a silicate nor an oxide but rather a titanate. In 2004 it was reported to be even better for dating old rocks than zircon, yielding data as precise as the SHRIMP (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe) instrument allows. Zirconolite, though rare, may be widespread in igneous rocks but not recognized because it resembles rutile. The way to identify it for sure is by using specialized electron microscopy techniques on the tiny grains before deploying the SHRIMP on them. But these techniques can derive a date from a grain only 10 microns wide. Zirconolite is pronounced zir-CONE-alite. The Geologists Gem To get an idea of what people can do with zircons, consider what researcher Larry Heaman did, as reported in the April 1997 Geology. Heaman extracted zircon (and baddeleyite) from a set of ancient Canadian dikes, getting less than a milligram from 49 kilograms of rock. From these specks, less than 40 microns long, he derived a U-Pb age for the dike swarm of 2.4458 billion years (plus or minus a couple million), just after the close of the Archean Eon in earliest Proterozoic time. From that evidence he reassembled two big chunks of ancient North America, tucking the Wyoming terrane underneath the Superior terrane, then joined them to Karelia, the terrane underlying Finland and adjacent Russia. He called his results evidence of the worlds earliest episode of flood-basalt volcanism or Large Igneous Province (LIP). Heaman capped himself by speculating that the first LIP could reflect either (1) the waning of a vigorous mantle convection regime that prevailed during the Archean and completely dissipated mantle plumes for more than half of Earths history, or (2) the time of catastrophic collapse of a stable density stratification in the Earths core that led to a sudden increase in heat flux at the core-mantle boundary. This is a lot to get out of a few tiny bits of zircon and baddeleyite. PS: The oldest object on Earth is a grain of zircon thats nearly 4.4 billion years old. Its the only thing we have from deep in the earliest Archean, and it provides evidence that even at that time, Earth had liquid water on it.

Institutional Investments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Institutional Investments - Essay Example Last part of this article would highlight some of the tactics devised in order to control discount trading of investment trust. Summary at the end of this article would conclude this article. Investment Trusts Investment trusts are those types of companies, which are provided the domicile of United Kingdom such that they are listed in the London Stock Exchange. They mainly invest in the equities and securities of the companies across the world, which are listed in different stock exchanges (Redhead, 2008). These investment trusts are run by the panel of the independent directors who take care of the affairs of the investment trusts. Investment trusts are somehow different with the investment companies such that investment companies are domiciled outside the jurisdiction of UK such as Jersey or Guernsey (Redhead, 2008). Pricing of Investment Trusts The pricing of investment trusts are made based on a conceptual term named as Net Asset Value or NAV. Net asset value is the market value of all the investments held by the investment companies. Therefore, the market value of any investment trust is actually the NAV of the investments (Levy and Post, 2005). In case if the market value of the shares issued by the investment trust exceeds NAV, then this concept refers as the shares of the investment trusts are trading at a premium. ... This means that the shares of the investment trust are trading at discount. Very occasionally, it appears that the investment trust share is trading at a premium. The following discussion entails the factors that cause the investment trust shares trading at a discount. Investment shares trading at a discount can be regarded as one of the integral aspects that operate behind the performance of the investment trust. The measurement of the shares of the investment trusts can be made in two ways. Firstly, the share price of the investment trusts quoted at the stock exchange. Secondly, market value per share of the assets of those companies, which are held by the investment trusts. In this way, discount can be calculated by simply taking the difference between the price per share of investment trusts and net assets value divided by the net assets value. Principally, the discount is regarded as the function of demand and supply mechanism for the shares of the investment trust. However, the discounts, and specifically the fluctuations in discounts are more important and follow some basis rules, which help understand the problem of investment trust shares trading at a discount more consistently. In case if the discount rate increases, this indicates that there are more chances that the discounted shares will be priced higher in future. This suggests that the investment trust shares are quite attractive especially against those investment trust shares, which are currently trading at a premium (Baums and Buxbaum, 1994). However, this mechanism is not as easy and simpler as it appears, had there been such a potential in the discounted investment shares for a possible price increase, the whole market

Accepting Change is to Americas Benefit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accepting Change is to Americas Benefit - Essay Example In fact, ambiguous attitudes towards change may even emerge in an individual. These would naturally bring about the oftentimes inconsistent views regarding changes, especially those that affect tradition and culture. At one time, one can embrace the novel while at another, staunchly defending what he perceives as really American. This is phenomenon is just a reflection of the opposite poles that exist among Americans regarding change. It is necessary to understand the dilemma that the American people face when confronted with changes that affect the very foundations of culture and tradition. It is through such understanding that determining the correct attitude can be realized. Dinosaur Dreams: Reading the Bones of America’s Psychic Mascot written by Jack Hitt provides valuable insights regarding the matter. It is a discussion on the general attitude of Americans towards the dinosaurs as symbols. Fenton Johnson’s Wedded to an Illusion, on the other hand, focuses on the issue of same gender marriages but it presents an argument on why Americans should accept change because of its benefits for their society. In summing up the points of Hitt and Johnson, it is easy to conclude that that since change is inevitable, Americans have no other recourse but to accept it in order to make the best out of the new opportunities it offers. A brief review of the history of the United States, particularly its culture, it is discernable that the people’s view of themselves and their country is constantly changing. This means that certain norms and beliefs once though to be permanently valid and right have been set aside as no longer attuned to the times or thrown into the dustbin of the past being found absolutely wrong. Under such premise, it is clear that the shifts, even if these at times cause upheavals, must be considered as beneficial. The struggle between the old and new is not just carried out by debates; it is possible for force to be applied in order to achieve a resolution. The point, however, is to determine the results of the events, whether or not it brought about positive things for society. This is a very pragmatic point of view on changes, one that is not based on subjective will but on objective conditions. If conditions change, there is actually no other recourse but to accept reality and to adap t or improvise. No matter how people wish things to be permanent, changes still occur. Even marriage is obviously not a permanent despite promises of union being made until death. In fact, it â€Å"has always been an evolving institution, bent and shaped by the historical moment and the needs and demands of its participants.† (Johnson) Centuries ago, nobody would have thought about divorce, especially because religion then played a very important part in establishing marital union. However, this has changed through following centuries. If such change is accepted by people, then there is no reason why they cannot do the same with changes in society, which is another institution. Actually, the shifts are taking place although these may be gradual and America’s only choice is to accept these. Hitt explains that the American psyche is actually accepting the changes. This is the view that he presents in his article which describes the significance of the American view of th e dinosaur. The existence of dinosaurs is proven by the past, something that can no longer be changed. However, â€Å"their periodic rebirth in pop culture neatly signals deep tectonic shifts in our sense of our self as a country.† (Hitt) The American people’s view on the relevance of the dinosaur is a reflection of their

Discuss symbolism and its effectiveness in the Iliad Essay Example for Free

Discuss symbolism and its effectiveness in the Iliad Essay Symbolism plays a crucial role in The Iliad. Take for instance when Achilles already knows why Apollo is angry, but decides the fact should be stated by someone other than himself. He knows that Agamemnon will become angry once the truth is revealed. I believe that in this instance he is trying to keep his rage in check by avoiding a direct confrontation with Agamemnon so although the symbolism of anger is present it is kept under wraps. Calchas also fears for his life because he also knows Agamemnons fury is unyielding at times. However, with a great deal of encouragement from Achilles, Calchas spoke out, bravely: Beware-The gods enraged because Agamemnon spurned his priest' (106). When the truth is exposed, Agamemnon becomes extremely angry and he and Achilles argue. The argument becomes so heated that Achilles is tempted to kill Agamemnon. Achilles questions himself, Should he draw the long sharp sword slung at his hip, thrust through the ranks and kill Agamemnon nowor check his rage and beat his fury down (108). Here, Hera has Athena intervene to keep Achilles from killing Agamemnon, which shows how the gods control Achilles destiny. The argument between Achilles and Agamemnon clearly shows that the two men have different opinions about the power of the gods, what is holy or unholy, and what is proper treatment of other men. These differences are one source of Achilles rages likewise the issues pertaining to power and gods are being symbolised. Achilles is also angry at having to fight another mans battle. The Trojan War is being fought because Paris stole Helen, Agamemnons sister-in-law. In his argument with Agamemnon, Achilles points out It wasnt Trojan spearmen who brought me here to fight. The Trojans never did me damage, not in the least (107). Achilles rage heightens in the argument and he declares No, you colossal, shamelesswe all followed you, to please you, to fight for you, to win your honor back from the TrojansMenelaus and you, you dog-face! (108). Achilles is also angry because even though he and many other soldiers are there risking their lives for Agamemnon and Menelaus, Agamemnon is sly enough to avoid personal injury. Achilles says to Agamemnon, Never once did you arm with the troops and go to battle or risk an ambush packed with Achaeas picked menyou lack the courage, you can see death coming (109). The Trojan War is being fought for personal reasons. Achilles rage at this point stems from the injustice that he is risking his life for someone elses cause and also for the fact that Agamemnon is a coward. The argument between Achilles and Agamemnon has deep-seeded roots of jealousy, another and symbol emotion that stirs anger. Agamemnon knows that Achilles has the respect of the soldiers and the gods; therefore, Agamemnon is always striving to prove his superiority and powerfulness to Achilles. Agamemnon agrees to give Chryseis back to the priest, but then takes Brisies from Achilles. Achilles allows Agamemnons men to take Brisies without a fight in order to maintain the respect of the gods; however, after Brisies is taken, Achilles becomes so enraged and heartbroken that he reaffirms his declaration not to fight anymore. Achilles declares that Agamemnon is to blame for the doom of the Achaean army if the day should come when the armies need me to save their ranks from ignominious, stark defeat (112). Jealousy, then, can be viewed as another source of Achilles rage. The issues being symbolised here are emotional and touching. Achilles is heartbroken and calls on his mother, the goddess Thetis. She is sorrowful when she hears Achilles prayers and weeping. Achilles knows that he is going live a short life and now feels that his life has no honor. He feels that the gods have forsaken him by allowing Agamemnon to humiliate him. Achilles wants his mother to collect on an old debt from Zeus. Thetis is saddened by Achilles heartbreak and confirms his destiny, Doomed to a short life, you have so little time. And not only short, now, but filled with heartbreak too' (114). She leaves Achilles to go ask Zeus to let the Trojan army win as long as Achilles is not fighting. Achilles is left alone, his heart inflamed for the sashed and lovely girl theyd wrenched from him against his will (115). Achilles lost love and broken heart are another source of his rage. The effect is symbolism is tangible. Rage is being symbolised through love and the impact leads to a broken heart. Achilles heart remains rigid against Agamemnon even when three of his dearest friends come and ask him to fight again. Phoenix, Ajax, and Odysseus plead with Achilles to join the battle again, but he refuses. The three make the argument that even if Achilles is angry with Agamemnon, he should still come back to the fighting to help his friends whose lives will be lost if he does not. Achilles dearest friend, Patroclus, decides to take Achilles armor and join the fighting. Patroclus is wounded in battle and then is killed when Hector waiting, watching the great-hearted Patroclus trying to stagger free, came rushing into him right across the lines and rammed his spearshaft home. (159). It is Patroclus death that brings Achilles back to the war. Now his rage is aroused by his desire to obtain revenge against the Trojan army and, more specifically, Hector. Achilles armor is lost because Hector and the Trojans take it from Patroclus dead body. This action inspires Achilles to seek Thetis help again. She has Hephaestus make new armor for Achilles. The new armor is magnificent. It is a great and massive shield, blazoning well-wrought emblems all across its surface (173). Thetis and other gods encourage Achilles to fight now. Apollo taunts Achilles while Hector holds fast outside the city gates. It is King Priam who first sees Achilles coming and is filled with fear for Hector. Achilles appears blazing like the star that rears at harvest, flaming up in its brilliance far outshining the countless stars in the night sky (177). Hector is filled with fear as Achilles approaches the city. Achilles then chases Hector around the city three times. It is divine intervention by Athena that causes Hector to finally stop and face Achilles. Zeus decides who will die in the fight as he held out his sacred golden scales: in them he placed two fates of death that lays men low (181). The scales are tipped in Achilles favor and Hector looses his life. It is very clear that the gods control Achilles destiny and influence the factors that create his rage. Why is Achilles enraged? His rage is a personal choice. He decides to confront Agamemnon. He decides to withdraw from the war. He decides to join the war after Patroclus death. However, the gods do their parts in making sure that his destiny is carried out. Thetis has new armor made for him and encourages him to fight. Apollo taunts him. Athena intervenes, first to make sure he does not kill Agamemnon and then later to make sure that he does kill Hector. Zeus weighs his fate. Rage is the spawn of many emotions. Injustice, jealousy, un-holiness, revenge, and heartbreak are emotions that sparked Achilles rage. Homers tale, the Iliad, shows how Achilles rage is his destiny. Symbolism is very effective throughout the novel. It is linked to emotions, love and rage. Works Cited Homer. The Iliad. The Norton Anthology World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall. 7th ed. Vol. 1. W. W. Norton Company. New York, London, 1999. 104-209. Spark Notes the Iliad by Homer Spark Notes edition January 10, 2002 The Norton Anthology of Western Literature, Volume 1 by Sarah Lawall Norton; 8 edition August 15, 2005 Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers by John Schilb Bedford/St. Martin; 3 edition October 25, 2005.

The Rise and Fall of the Eugnics Movement Essay -- A Historical Analys

Introduction According to Merriam-Webster.com, eugenics is defined as â€Å"the theory dealing with the production or treatment of a fine, healthy race.† Despite this seemingly innocent representation, eugenics is an extremely controversial science. Some even debate whether or not it is worthy of the label of science, or if it’s just a form of intellectual racism. Nevertheless, eugenics was greatly embraced and was behind a scientific and social revolution during the late 19th century through the Second World War. This essay will explore the topic of eugenics which has disappeared from today’s science textbooks. This includes a thorough history of the origin of eugenics, the people behind its movement, as well as its application in society. Sir Francis Galton Sir Francis Galton first coined the term ‘eugenics’ in 1883. Under his definition, eugenics was the â€Å"study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations, either physically or mentally.† (Newman, 441) Galton was born in 1822 into a rich English family. From an early age he was put under incredible pressure to follow in the footsteps of Erasmus Darwin, Galton’s medically famed great-uncle. However, this pressure had little impact as he transferred from King’s College Medical School to Cambridge University due to an intense dislike of the study of medicine. At Cambridge he attempted to receive an honors degree in mathematics until during his third year he suffered a nervous breakdown. After taking a semester off, he returned and eventually received his degree although it was not an honors degree but rather a pass-degree. Once again Galton attempted the study of medicine, but with the death of his father in 1844 he f... ...rbor Laboratories which Charles Davenport helped start. This web site contains a massive archive of all of the information ever tabulated by the laboratory, including pictures, essays, and an overall picture of the American eugenic movement. If you’re looking for great web information on eugenics start your research here. You’ll be able to spend days looking through their archives. [4] http://www.rethnkingschools.org/Archives/13_03/eugenic.htm This article was written to review the aspects of eugenics in light of recent public support for standardized testing and IQ testing. The article does a good job of presenting the material in a way that the reader can understand how the eugenics movement came about. Unfortunately, this site only deals with the aspects behind eugenics in the United States. But what information it does present is very accurate and insightful.

Changes in the Workplace Essay

I believe the work environments can be positive or negative on the psychology health and workplace. The work environment has many properties that can affect both psychological and physical well-being, which is important to understand those aspects of work environments as well as identifying psychosocial characteristics of the workplace, which can affect his or her health. The first step is to create a psychologically workplace, which takes commitment and time to develop a strategy to effect changes at the workplaces to improve the health of all employees. For example: the choices that each person makes and how the individual treats his or her bodies; not only affects the individual health but also the individual mental health, which can be carried over to the workplace causing unwanted stress. Also lack of sleep making it hard to concentrate, irritated with the employees, and unable to do his or her daily tasks that the job requires, which can make the workplace more difficult. Unhealthy diet can make the individual sick and unable to complete the job that’s needs to be done, as well as mental stress that can cause more health problems. Studies on relationships between health and psychology has become more establish in recent years because researchers have provided insight into how an individual’s psychology and health. Such as the individual personalities, personal relationships, and the individual mental and biological processes are all factor in relation to health psychology, which needs to be considered when trying to maintain or to balance his or her health, is to find the correct balance of treatment choices, such as circumstances or other alternative that may be adding to the cause of physical health issues. I believe that lifestyle choices that can affect psychology and health in the workplace can be poor diet. For example: When an individual chooses to skip breakfast in the morning can have a difficult time concentrating, or become ir ritable. The individual may also develop physical symptoms such as headache, dizziness, or nauseas. When the individual becomes irritable, this can lead to lack of communication with other employees as well as loss of production on everyone’s schedule. I also believe when making poor choices can develop problems that can affect the workplace, also leads to psychological, behavioral, and physical difficulties. To enhance health and prevent illness is to improve his or her allover health, even if the changes are  small; it can make a big difference by enhancing his or her health and to prevent illness. For example: having well-balance meals that includes breakfast and a healthy diet can provide energy, which will also lower the risk of certain disease, such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and hypertension. To maintaining a healthy body, and a health weight, is to have a healthy diet and physical activity to decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease, and reducing the heart rate. However, taking care of our body is a big step toward emotional and mental health because the mind and the body are linked to each other, and when the individual improves his or her physical health, well the individual will experience greater mental and emotional well-being (Lifestyle to enhance Health and Prevent Illness).

Communication and Professional Relationships Essay

Unit 203 Communication and Professional Relationships with children, young people and adults. When dealing with children you need to take into account their age and stage of development. Different ages require different levels of attention and support. When dealing with small children you need to remember that they are still developing their language skills and may need help communicating. When talking to them you need to get down to their level so that you don’t feel intimidating. You will need to listen to them and tell them to take turns while speaking, you also need to be clear when talking to them and make sure they understand what you have said by making them repeat it back to you. Small children tire quickly and cannot concentrate for long periods of time. Children in Ket Stage 2 are starting to mature and can communicate a lot better, they are able to hold a conversation and will invite others to talk first. In some cases you will still need to remind them to wait and take their turn when speaking. Older children who are in Key Stage 3 and 4 are able to communicate more freely with each other and adults, they are able to use technology which they use to stay in touch with each other. Sometimes teenagers become self-conscious and embarrassed when they have to talk with adults, so you need to give them time and encouragement to regain their confidence. Your own behaviour has a big impact on the children you work with, children always take the lead from the adults around them and how they interact with others. You cannot expect a child to behave in a certain way if you as an adult don’t. We can only ask a child to behave if we do it ourselves; this makes it easier for them to understand boundaries of what is acceptable. Children of different ages communicate differently depending on their age and level of understanding. Some might need extra encouragement where others need more physical contact. As they get older they learn to communicate in different ways so you will need to adapt your vocabulary accordingly. Children that have communication difficulties need to be able to take their time when speaking so they don’t feel pressured. You need to adapt to their individual needs and communicate according to that. Some children have a speech disorder or they may stammer so you should let them take their time when speaking and try not to fill in the words for them as this will add to their distress. You may need some special training such as British Sign language so you are able to communicate better; some children have special educational needs so you might need additional equipment in order to communicate with them. There are not many differences when communicating with adults and children, you need to always maintain eye contact and respond to what they are saying. You should treat them all with courtesy and respect. However when you communicate with children you need to remember that they need to see you in a formal role. You always need to be clear in what you say and they should know what is expected of them. You shouldn’t use complicated language which makes it difficult for them to grasp. Adults need to show children how to communicate and get on with others we need to show them how to value and respect others so they can do the same. Children always copy adults be it in a negative or positive way. You need to show respect for others and acknowledge what they are saying and thank them for their contribution. When communicating with children there are a number difficulties may arise, these may be because of the special needs of the learner, different attitudes towards learning of different beliefs. When working with children or young people with special needs you will need to take your time and not rush them so that they don’t feel under pressure. People who use sign language may not have many opportunities to speak and might become nervous. When poor communication arises between adults this often leads to conflicts this may be because of communication difficulties or misunderstandings. The best way to resolve this is by discussing the problems so it does not happen again. The longer these misunderstandings are left unresolved the more difficult they may be to put right. People of different cultures have different expectations, in some cultures eye contact is not permitted so those pupils may not pick up on the non-verbal cues and another way to communicate will be needed. If a child lacks confidence they might act in an aggressive manner if they are unsure about something. You need to adapt the way you communicate with the learner’s individual needs. The lack of communication also leads to disagreements this may happen if information is misread or perceived wrongly, we sometimes blame others for saying things we don’t agree with. When this happens it needs to be managed carefully so that there are no hard feelings afterwards. You must never be drawn into an argument with child however hard this may be. If a child is arguing with you, you will need to manage it carefully and seek advice from another member of staff. The legal requirements and procedures regarding data protection are: Every Child Matters (England 2003) based on Children Act 2004. This stresses the importance of sharing information between professionals. Data Protection Act 1998. In schools parents are asked a lot of personal information regarding their child e. g. health and medical information, records from other schools or records for children with special education needs. This information must only be used if needed. The Freedom of Information Act The Freedom of Information Act gives you the right to ask any public sector organisation for all the recorded information they have on any subject. Anyone can make a request for information – there are no restrictions on your age, nationality or where you live. There are many reasons to need information on a child or an adult but this information cannot be shared without the parents’ consent. If there is reason to believe that the child is at risk of harm by the parent or there are legal reasons then the information can be shared. If you attend meetings and are told confidential information then you need to keep it to yourself. You need to reassure the children that the information you have will remain confidential. If a child has a medical condition such as asthma and epilepsy then there should be a system is place to share this information with other adults in the school. In some cases there are photos of children in the dining room who have allergies to certain foods but the photographs will need to be removed if the premises are used by others in the evenings.

The Adventures Of Sojourner Essays - Spaceflight, Spacecraft

The Adventures Of Sojourner Essays - Spaceflight, Spacecraft The Adventures Of Sojourner The Adventures Of Sojouner by Susi Trauntmann Wunsch is a fascinating story about a mission to mars. The Sojouner is a little remote-control rover, know bigger then a breadbox. The Sojourner explores the outer banks of mars, collecting pictures and information. But how Sojourner got to mars is also a very involved and amazing project. The Pathfinder is the machine that lands the Sojourner. When the Pathfinder first landed it took a picture. When the people back at NASA received it 10 minutes later the saw two rocks that were different from the other rocks. This book is fascinating and it raised some interesting questions. For instance is there going to be another mission conducted again? Will they create a different landing process? I would recommend this book to a friend because a friend recommend it to me and it was great. It was very interesting. They had astonishing pictures.

Chanakya On Military Mobilization History Essay

Chanakya On Military Mobilization History Essay Ancient India produced many philosophers and strategists, whose works contribute immensely to understand the great civilization and its religions even today. Of all the great thinkers and strategists who left their mark in Indian history, Chanakya is perhaps the most important, because it was his strategy that led to the realization of the idea of a unified India. It was his student Chandra Gupta Maurya who followed his strategy to unify India in 321 BC. Unlike many other contemporary Indian thinkers who focused on religion and thought of heavenly realms, Chanakya had his feet firmly planted on the ground and thought about the ways to make a country rich and powerful. His book on statecraft, Arthashastra, is one of the first books by any Indian author to highlight the importance of the military in the smooth functioning of the state. In other words, he was a realist who understood the power a strong standing military in sending out a clear signal to other countries and its contribut ion to bolstering national pride. It was his emphasis on military, diplomacy and covert operations and his ruthless practicality that earned him his nickname, Kautilya, the shrewd one who employed all means possible to keep the national pride intact. Although there are a lot of controversies about the identity of Chanakya, a master strategist and kingmaker, it is beyond the scope of this article. The article will only deal with his views-or what is now regarded as his view by many scholars-on military mobilization. Chanakya comes out as one of the first strategists who not only wrote on how to mobilize the military, but also how to organize it. As someone who grew up witnessing wars among the various kingdoms and republics that existed in India then, and also having witnessed Alexander’s invasion of India, he clearly saw the need for a strong unified India that would be peaceful and deal with others on its own terms. And he clearly realized that to turn his dream of a strong India, a strong military was a must. Without a strong military to back the ruler in conducting his domestic and foreign policy, he realized, the country would perish. Thus, in his book he highlights the importance of military, how to organize and mobilize it when needed. His chapters on military reads like chapters from any modern book on military science. It is hard to imagine that more than 2,000 years ago, he thought of sending a medical unit to campaigns to take care of the wounded. In Arthashastra, he clearly highlights the need to divide the military in units and battalions, with their respective flags and commanders. He also writes on the chain of command and how to maintain it. And like any modern book on military science, also mentions the importance of covert operations and psychological warfare to subdue the enemy. More than that, he clearly writes the criteria for choosing the commanders of each unit. For example, the one who heads the infantry has to have battle experie nce, know about the weapons necessary for his troops. Similarly, the one heading the cavalry should be able to choose the best horses for his unit, and know how all things about the horses. Similarly the officers heading the chariot and elephant units too should have knowledge and experience in choosing the right equipments and animals for their units.

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Executive Summary - Essay Example With over 300 commercial wholesale accounts and nearly 100,000 people residing in the area, there is a need to set effective business strategy to get success. Therefore, the company has set competitive prices for its products considering the intensity of the competition in that area. At present, the company is leasing a one-story building at 123 Main Street for $550 per month. There is also an option of buying it for a heavy sum of $105,000. As far as the usage of the building is concerned, it is for commercial use at this point of time. The reason is that main street is a heavily traveled tourist route where there are a number of businesses offering tourism services to the customers. Finestkind adheres to the principles of quality to conduct business activities. Provision of the premium-quality seafood to both retail and wholesale customers is going to be the key to success for the business. These days, Gosling and Swan are planning to shift from 40 percent wholesale and 60 percent retail to 60 percent wholesale and 40 percent retail. The reason is that the owners believe that the actual profit is there in the wholesale business. Retail business is also profitable and is likely to grow rapidly in the nearest future but the company’s actual focus is on expanding its wholesale business because of huge profits. As far as the main competitors of the company are concerned, they are Fred’s fish, Kingfisher, and Job’s Seafoods. Fred’s fish is a scattered operation in which there is one truck reserved for making the rounds. There is also a small counter taken on lease from one of Anytown’s supermarkets. Finestkind has been successful in cutting the sales graph of Fred’s fish by providing quality products to the customer within promised time and at competitive price. The second main competitor of the company is Kingfisher. Kingfisher is also a famous company in Anytown operating its business successfully. However, there is a

Social Development Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Development - Coursework Example The social development process continues even after the child crosses into adolescence, through the youthful stage to adulthood. This means that social development is based described as a process of organizing human activities and energies at higher levels in order to achieve results. It also refers to development of emotional maturity and social skills needed to relate to other people and forge relationships. Often developing the understanding the needs for other people and empathy is also included in social development. For children to develop socially, children must interact with adults and their pears alike in a socially acceptable manner. They need to develop social skills in order for them to be able to fit into various social scenarios and form healthy relationships. Parental interactions are the key building blocks for a healthy social development among children. Through providing lots of love and attention to children, parents bond strongly with their children allowing them to grow in secure, comfortable and socially healthy environment. As a child grows and approaches maturity, his or her language skills becomes better, making social emotional development, as well as social interaction with her or his peers an essential part of his life, as he/she gets involved with the adults and other children around him/her. When the child approaches preschool, friendship increasingly become more vital. During this stage of social development, a child often prefers playing with friends of same sex and begin to form â€Å"best friend† relationships with selected peers. Approval and attention of the child’s friends and peers, as well as significant adults become increasingly vital to children of preschool age. At this preschool age, a child becomes more focused on seeking parents and friends’ approval. A child prefer playing with friends or parents or alone. He or she starts showing strong desires for independence and insists on making own prefer ences and choices in food, clothing, activities and so forth. Most of children at this preschool stage of social development, still require assistance and supervision of their parents in order for them to get necessary supplies or settle arguments. Most of the social development skills are often acquired at this preschool stage as children share, learn and take turns. Social Development in Children Milestones Early years of a life of a child present unique opportunities for a child’s healthy development. Researchers have shown that five years of a child’s life are very important. This are the formative years of a child and are characterized by both negative and positive experiences, which help in shaping a child’s social, cognitive, emotional and behavioral development. Emotional and social development milestones are somewhat harder to specify compared to those of physical development. In this area, the various skills involved include self-control, emotional dev elopment, and self-awareness are reflected in a child’s ability to pay attention, empathize, cooperate with others, make smooth transitions from activity A to activity B, and other skills. Studies have shown that social development in the skill of a child are very essential especially in school readiness for children. They also play a significant role in the social integration of a child in school. At 2 years, a child really starts to play interactively with peers. A child experiences real explosion in pretend play, which is the most critical

IT - Hydro-Quebec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT - Hydro-Quebec - Essay Example The changing climate has affected the hydro electric utilities to a great extent. It should be noted in this context that the hydro power generation tends to be more vulnerable to the changes in terms of climatic conditions than other sources including the thermal power station. For instance, hydro power project located near the sea-coast have often been noticed to be affected by the rise in the sea level. Again, dry weather conditions and reduced water level in the reservoirs have also affected its electricity production. Numbers of other climatic factors such as lightning, rise in temperature, icing and pollution have been the major uncontrollable threats faced by Hydro-Quebec. Furthermore, the organization has been unable to take the advantage of wind power as one of the best options of renewable energy (Hydro-Quebec, 2008). During 1990s, technology and business units’ efforts to control return on the invested capital for IT management has brought major changes in the way o f Hydro-Quebec. The SSC was held responsible for the IT related decisions. However, it was observed that it initiated changes only in terms of human resources due to departmental expansion taking place within the company. Those changes made by the SSC caused distortion both within the business units and within the IT divisions. Furthermore, the SSC was responsible for developing and implementing all the technological aspects of the given solution, optimizing technological performance and maintaining as well as executing the developed solutions. However, creating new challenges for the SSC as the IT division had to negotiate all of the technology budgets with each division separately following a more complex process. Consequentially, it was observed that Hydro-Quebec Distribution (HQD) spent more than $50 million on over 200 IT systems. However, it had no clear strategy or proper system plan that could be formally drawn up after its establishment. Many factors force the division to i nclude the IT related issues under its caption, such as the technological zeitgeist during the 1990s. Owing to such circumstances; there has been an urgent requirement to update the company’s legacy system as it was observed that the old system was more vulnerable to risk along with a high maintenance cost. Furthermore, there was a need to update its entire infrastructure related to mailing and printing of bills. The factors like managing the addresses of its customers were also identified as impossible to be maintained with the traditional system. Thus, there was an urgent need to modernize customer software application (Hydro-Quebec, 2008). Question 2: What changes would you suggest for Hydro-Quebec and why? Hydro-Quebec should concentrate more on developing its research programs in order to boast its human resource knowledge in terms of climate change and technological adaption. Hydro-Quebec must identify the areas that are sensitive towards climatic changes and other unco ntrollable risks. Its activities also must be directed towards managing water resources, transports, distributions, equipment designs, and annual production volumes along with environmental and financial considerations. It should also contribute for the development of wind power and increase in the supply from the existing power generating stations (Dube, Berner & Roy, 2007). Furthermore, the organization should promote recycling processes along with educating employees in terms of

A Modest Proposal | An Analysis

A Modest Proposal | An Analysis Introduction: One of the Tory writers, a talented satirist (Abjadian 87), Jonathan Swift was born on November 30, 1667, in Dublin, Ireland. His father-an Englishman who had moved to Ireland-died earlier that year. Receiving financial assistance from relatives, Swift attended a good school for his basic education and graduated from Trinity College in Dublin in 1686. He lived off and on in England, became an Anglican clergyman, and eventually was appointed dean of St. Patricks Cathedral in Dublin, although he had lobbied for a position in England. His writing-especially his satires-made him one of the most prominent citizens in Great Britain, and he worked for a time on behalf of Tory causes. His most famous work is Gullivers Travels, a book of satire on politics and society in general. Despite health issues, Swift continued to write prolifically-especially on issues concerning Anglo-Irish relations and the church. He decried what he viewed as Englands oppression of Ireland in A Modest Proposal' (de Gategno and Stubblefield 8) Swift died in Dublin on October 19, 1745. A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick, commonly named as A Modest Proposal, is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729. The essay was originally printed in the form of a pamphlet. At the time of its publication, 1729, a pamphlet was a short work that took a stand on a political, religious, or social issue-or any other issue of public interest. A typical pamphlet had no binding, although it sometimes had a paper cover. Writers of pamphlets, called pamphleteers, played a significant role in inflaming or resolving many of the great controversies in Europe in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, as well as in the political debate leading up to the American Revolution. In addition to A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift wrote many political pamphlets supporting the causes of the Tory political party after he renounced his allegiance to the Whig party. Satire A Modest Proposal is an essay that uses satire to make its point. A satire is a literary work that attacks or pokes fun at vices, abuses, stupidity, and/or any other fault or imperfection. In Abjadians words, satire is often considered as a corrective means of human vice and folly (11). Satire may make the reader laugh at, or feel disgust for, the person or thing satirized. Impishly or sardonically, it criticizes someone or something, using wit and clever wording-and sometimes makes outrageous assertions or claims. The main purpose of a satire is to spur readers to remedy the problem under discussion. The main weapon of the satirist is verbal irony, a figure of speech in which words are used to ridicule a person or thing by conveying a meaning that is the opposite of what the words say. Readers unacquainted with its reputation as a satirical work often do not immediately realize that Swift was not seriously proposing cannibalism and infanticide, nor would readers unfamiliar with the satires of Horace and Juvenal-the two distinguished Roman satirists (Abjadian 13)-recognize that Swifts essay follows the rules and structure of Latin satires. The fine satiric strategy in A Modest Proposal (Williams 26) is often only understood after the reader notes the allusions made by Swift to the attitudes of landlords, such as the following: I grant this food may be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for Landlords, who as they have already devoured most of the Parents, seem to have the best Title to the Children (Swift 1080). Swift extends the metaphor to get in a few jibes at Englands mistreatment of Ireland, noting that For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it (1084). Historical Background Over the centuries, England gradually gained a foothold in Ireland. In 1541, the parliament in Dublin recognized Englands Henry VIII, a Protestant, as King of Ireland. In spite of repeated uprisings by Irish Catholics, English Protestants acquired more and more estates in Ireland. By 1703, they owned all but ten percent of the land. Meanwhile, legislation was enacted that severely limited the rights of the Irish to hold government office, purchase real estate, get an education, and advance themselves in other ways. As a result, many Irish fled to foreign lands, including America. Most of those who remained in Ireland lived in poverty, facing disease, starvation, and prejudice. It was this Ireland-an Ireland of the tyrannized and the downtrodden-that Jonathan Swift attempted to focus attention on in A Modest Proposal in 1720. Tertullians Apology Some scholars have argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullians Apology. While Tertullians Apology is a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity, Swifts A Modest Proposal addresses the Anglo-Irish situation in the 1720s. James William Johnson believes that Swift saw major similarities between the two situations (563). Johnson notes Swifts obvious affinity for Tertullian and the bold stylistic and structural similarities between the works A Modest Proposal and Apology (562). In structure, Johnson points out the same central theme; that of cannibalism and the eating of babies; and the same final argument; that human depravity is such that men will attempt to justify their own cruelty by accusing their victims of being lower than human (563). Stylistically, Swift and Tertullian share the same command of sarcasm and language. In agreement with Johnson, Donald C. Baker points out the similarity between both authors tones and use of irony. Baker notes the uncanny way that both authors imply an ironic justification by ownership over the subject of sacrificing children-Tertullian while attacking pagan parents, and Swift while attacking the English mistreatment of the Irish poor (219). Purpose of the Proposal Swift appears to suggest in his essay that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling children as food for rich gentlemen and ladies. By doing this he mocks the authority of the British officials. This is when Britain had taken over Ireland and put heavy restrictions on their trade, stifling their economy. The essay has been noted by historians as being the first documented satirical essay. A critic (qtd. in Williams) in Journal Anglais, in 1777 states, To ridicule those schemes for reform with which the public was inundated at that time, and which often insulted the misery to which they affected a desire to bring consolation. It will be noticed that Swift has imitated the common expressions and the insinuating tone of the authors of these projects (199). He wrote A Modest Proposal to call attention to abuses inflicted on Irish Catholics by well-to-do English Protestants. Swift himself was a Protestant, but he was also a native of Ireland, having been born in Dublin of English parents. He believed England was exploiting and oppressing Ireland. Many Irishmen worked farms owned by Englishmen who charged high rents-so high that the Irish were frequently unable to pay them. Consequently, many Irish farming families continually lived on the edge of starvation. In A Modest Proposal, Swift satirizes the English landlords with outrageous humor, proposing that Irish infants be sold as food at age one, when they are plump and healthy, to give the Irish a new source of income and the English a new food product to bolster their economy and eliminate a social problem. He says his proposal, if adopted, would also result in a reduction in the number of Catholics in Ireland, since most Irish infants-almost all of whom were baptized Catholic-would end up in stews and other dishes instead of growing up to go to Catholic churches. Here, he is satirizing the prejudice of Protestants toward Catholics. Swift also satirizes the Irish themselves in his essay, for too many of them had accepted abuse stoically rather than taking action on their own behalf. Style: Regarding the style used in the essay, William Monck Mason states, The cold, phlegmatic style [in A Modest Proposal] of a political projector, who waves the consideration of all the finer feelings of humanity, or makes them subservient, as matters of slight moment, to the general advantages proposed in his plan of financial improvement, is admirably well satirizedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The cool, businesslike manner, in which the calculations are stated, is equally admirable (340). Format ..In A Modest Proposal, Swift uses a standard essay format: an opening that presents the topic and thesis (the modest proposal), a body that develops the thesis with details, and a conclusion. In the opening, the author states the problem: the deplorable economic and social conditions that impoverish the Irish and prevent them from providing adequate care for their children. Before presenting the thesis, he inserts the following transitional sentence: I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the least objection (Swift 1080) He follows this sentence with the thesis, and then presents the details in the body of the essay. In the conclusion, he states the benefits that would accrue from his proposal. He begins with the following two sentences: I have too long digressed, and therefore shall return to my subject. I think the advantages by the proposal which I have made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance. He next lists the advantages, using transitional words such as secondly and thirdly to move from one point to the next. He ends the conclusion by explaining why his proposal is superior to other remedies. Keep in mind that throughout the body and conclusion Swift makes his argument with irony, stating the opposite of what he really means. Irony The dominant figure of speech in A Modest Proposal is verbal irony, in which a writer or speaker says the opposite of what he means. Swifts masterly use of this device makes his main argument-that the Irish deserve better treatment from the English-powerful and dreadfully amusing. For example, to point out that the Irish should not be treated like animals, Swift compares them to animals, as in this example: I rather recommend buying the children alive, and dressing them hot from the knife, as we do roasting pigs. Also, to point out that disease, famine, and substandard living conditions threaten to kill great numbers of Irish, Swift cheers their predicament as a positive development: Some persons of a desponding spirit are in great concern about that vast number of poor people, who are aged, diseased, or maimed, and I have been desired to employ my thoughts what course may be taken to ease the nation of so grievous an encumbrance. But I am not in the least pain upon that matter, because it is very well known that they are every day dying and rotting by cold and famine, and filth and vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected. And as to the young laborers, they are now in as hopeful a condition; they cannot get work, and consequently pine away for want of nourishment, to a degree that if at any time they are accidentally hired to common labor, they have not strength to perform it; and thus the country and themselves are happily delivered from the evils to come (1082). In Sarcasm and Irony in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal, a critic, regarding the irony in the essays, maintains, One of the voices that is present throughout the story is that of irony. The story itself is ironic since no one can take Swifts proposal seriously. This irony is clearly demonstrated at the end of the story; Swift makes it clear that this proposal would not affect him since his children were grown and his wife unable to have any more children. It would be rather absurd to think that a rational man would want to both propose this and partake in the eating of another human being. Therefore, before an analyzation can continue, one has to make the assumption that this is strictly a fictional work and Swift had no intention of pursuing his proposal any further. Allusions There are some allusions in the essay including Barbadoes (Barbados): Easternmost West Indies island, settled by the British in 1627. When Swift published A Modest Proposal in 1729, the islands plantation owners used slaves to produce sugar for European consumption; Dublin: The Irish city mentioned in A Modest Proposal. It is the capital of Ireland; Formosa: Portuguese name for Taiwan, a Chinese-inhabited island off the southeast coast of China; Mandarin: High-ranking Chinese official; Papist: Roman Catholic; Pretender: James Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766), son of King James II, who ruled England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1685 to 1688. James II was a Catholic, as was his wife, Mary of Modena. After his accession to power, Protestant factions continually maneuvered against him in the background. When Mary became pregnant, these factions worried that the birth of her child would establish a line of Catholic kings. Consequently, they plotted to oust James II and replace him with Du tchman William of Orange, whose mother was the daughter of an English king, Charles I, and whose wife was one of James IIs own daughters. When William marched against England, many Protestants in James IIs army deserted to William, and James had no choice but to flee to France. After he died in 1701, the French king then proclaimed James IIs young son, James Francis Edward Stuart, to be the rightful king of England. The English Parliament then enacted laws designed to prevent seating another Catholic king. Nevertheless, in succeeding years, James Francis repeatedly attempted to regain the throne, and the British eventually nicknamed him the Old Pretender. Psalmanazar, George: French forger and impostor who traveled widely under different personas. In one of his most famous schemes, he pretended to be from Formosa (present-day Taiwan), of which little was known in the Europe of his time. In London, he published a book about Formosa in which he wrote that Formosan law permitted a husb and to eat a wife if she committed adultery. Psalmanazar had never visited Formosa; the whole book was made up. Nevertheless, many Englishmen believed what he had written. Themes: There some themes explained and referred to in the essay. The themes like the exploitation of the downtrodden. Beneath Swifts audacious satire is a serious theme; that English overlords are shamelessly exploiting and oppressing the impoverished people of Ireland through unfair laws, high rents charged by absentee landlords, and other injustices. Another theme is the prejudice: At the time of the publication of A Modest Proposal, many British Protestants disdained Roman Catholics-especially Irish Catholics-and enacted laws limiting their ability to thrive and prosper. One important theme of the work is the Irish Inaction; Swifts satirical language also chides the Irish themselves for not acting with firm resolve to improve their lot. Another theme is, as Barnett refers to, the theme of unwelcome reproduction are the wretchedly poor mothers of Ireland in A Modest Proposal, whose children, as the subtitle informs us, are a Burden to their Parents or Country' (121). Population It has been argued that Swifts main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills. Swift was especially insulted by projects that tried to fix population and labor issues with a simple cure-all solution. A memorable example of these sorts of schemes involved the idea of running the poor through a joint-stock company (Wittkowsky 85). In response, Swifts Modest Proposal was a burlesque of projects concerning the poor (88) that were in vogue during the early 18th century. A Modest Proposal also targets the calculating way people perceived the poor in designing their projects. The pamphlet targets reformers who regard people as commodities (Wittkowsky 101). In the piece, Swift adopts the technique of a political arithmetician (95) to show the utter ridiculousness of trying to prove any proposal with dispassionate statistics. Critics differ about Swifts intentions in using this faux-mathematical philosophy. Edmund Wilson argues that statistically the logic of the Modest proposal can be compared with defense of crime (arrogated to Marx) in which he argues that crime takes care of the superfluous population(Wittkowsky 95). Wittkowsky counters that Swifts satiric use of statistical analysis is an effort to enhance his satire that springs from a spirit of bitter mockery, not from the delight in calculations for their own sake (98). Economy Robert Phiddians article Have you eaten yet? The Reader in A Modest Proposal focuses on two aspects of A Modest Proposal: the voice of Swift and the voice of the Proposer. Phiddian stresses that a reader of the pamphlet must learn to distinguish between the satiric voice of Jonathan Swift and the apparent economic projections of the Proposer. He reminds readers that there is a gap between the narrators meaning and the texts, and that a moral-political argument is being carried out by means of parody (Phiddians 6). While Swifts proposal is obviously not a serious economic proposal, George Wittkowsky, author of Swifts Modest Proposal: The Biography of an Early Georgian Pamphlet, argues that it in order to fully understand the piece, it is important to understand the economics of Swifts time. Wittowsky argues that not enough critics have taken the time to directly focus on the mercantilism and theories of labor in 18th century England. [I]f one regards the Modest Proposal simply as a criticism of condition, about all one can say is that conditions were bad and that Swifts irony brilliantly underscored this fact (Phiddians 3). At the start of a new industrial age in the 18th century, it was believed that people are the riches of the nation, and there was a general faith in an economy which paid its workers low wages because high wages would mean workers would work less (4). Furthermore, in the mercantilist view no child was too young to go into industry. In those times, the somewhat more humane at titudes of an earlier day had all but disappeared and the laborer had come to be regarded as a commodity (6). People are the riches of a nation Louis A. Landa presents Swifts A Modest Proposal as a critique of the popular and unjustified maxim of mercantilism in the eighteenth century that people are the riches of a nation (161). Swift presents the dire state of Ireland and shows that mere population itself, in Irelands case, did not always mean greater wealth and economy (165). The uncontrolled maxim fails to take into account that a person that does not produce in an economic or political way makes a country poorer, not richer (165). Swift also recognizes the implications of such a fact in making mercantilist philosophy a paradox: the wealth of a country is based on the poverty of the majority of its citizens (165). Swift however, Landa argues, is not merely criticizing economic maxims but also addressing the fact that England was denying Irish citizens their natural rights and dehumanizing them by viewing them as a mere commodity (165). Rhetoric Charles K. Smith argues that Swifts rhetorical style persuades the reader to detest the speaker and pity the Irish. Swifts specific strategy is twofold, using a trap to create sympathy for the Irish and a dislike of the narrator who, in the span of one sentence, details vividly and with rhetorical emphasis the grinding poverty but feels emotion solely for members of his own class. Swifts use of gripping details of poverty and his narrators cool approach towards them creates two opposing points of view which alienate the reader, perhaps unconsciously, from a narrator who can view with melancholy detachment a subject that Swift has directed us, rhetorically, to see in a much less detached way (Smith 136). Conclusion: A Modest Proposal, A (1729), a pamphlet by Jonathan Swift on Ireland, written during the summer of 1729. In form and tone it resembles a conventional philanthropic appeal to solve Irelands economic crisis, but Swifts anonymous speaker suggests a barbarous plan, to cannibalize the nations children. It is a masterpiece of rhetorical irony, a disturbing fiction which marks the end of Swifts pamphleteering role on national affairs after a decade of passionate involvement. The essay depicts the horrific conditions of Ireland and the lives of the Irish people in 1729. The author portrays and attacks the cruel and unjust oppression of Ireland by its oppressor, the mighty English and ridicules the Irish people at the same time. However, Swifts opposition is indirectly presented. Jonathan Swift is able to do so by using the persona, irony, and wit in order to expose the remarkable corruption and degradation of the Irish people, and at the same time present them with practicable solutions to their unscrupulous and pathetic lives. The author uses a satire to accomplish his objective not only because he is able to conceal his true identity but also because it is the most effective way to awake the people of Ireland into seeing their own depravity. Swift creates a fictional persona because by hiding his true identity he is able to convince the readers of the significance of Irelands problem and allow them to see truth and reality. The persona is a concerned Irishman who is very intelligent, sound, and serious. He appears to be a brute and a monster for proposing something evil and immoral very calmly as if it is normal to consume the flesh of another human being. What makes his proposal to be even more depraved is that he proposes to eat the babies. The persona declares, and at exactly at one year old that I propose to provide for them, in a such a manner as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding and partly to the clothing of many thousands. The persona justifies his proposal with numerous reasons. Besides the prevention of voluntary abortions and infanticide, it will also prevent the loss of money for maintenance of children and the abuse of women and children. The number of Papists would be reduced and the children will not become beggars, thieves, or prostitutes. The proposal will aid in the increase in the status of the peasantry, promote love, and care from the mothers towards their children. However the persona alone is inadequate to make the narrator seem too plausible. The persona must utilize irony and wit in order for his essay to be more efficacious. In fact, according to deGategno and Stubblefield, it is the kind of callous indifference toward children that Swift parodied and criticized in A Modest Proposal (69). A Modest Proposal is so effective and appealing because of the authors copious uses of irony throughout his essay. The title itself is definitely ironic. It provides the reader with false expectations of decency and sensibility on the part of the writer. The butchery of innocent babies and the use of their skin for clothing is way beyond being modest. It is brutal and insane. The proposal is intended to shock and throw the reader off balance. The narrator also ridicules the Irish. Swift impelled and inspired the Irish into rebelling by presenting them with feasible solutions to cease the anguish of Irelands people.

The Passing Of Arthur And Excalibur :: essays research papers

John Boorman adapted the †Passing of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arthur† in the movie â€Å"Excalibur.† Movies are not the only adaptations of Tennyson’s poem but there are several art and music adaptations. Examples of these adaptations include music by Loreena McKennit and paintings by John William Waterhouse, Howard Pyle and Arthur Rackham. In Bela Balazs’s Art Form and Material Balazs states that a good adaptation is a reinterpretation of the original. Boorman uses nature and color to recreate the atmosphere of the original text. These techniques enhance the richness of the movie, provide a more in depth view of Arthur’s life and make the setting more interesting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tennyson’s descriptive writing allows the reader to form detailed pictures. The atmosphere Tennyson creates focuses a lot on the beauty of nature. During the scene when Bedivere throws Excalibur in the lake he describes the area with â€Å"zigzag paths, and juts of pointed rock, the shining levels of the lake...the winter moon, long cloud and frost.† He produces an atmosphere of bleakness and despair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tennyson concentrates on the image of the winter moon while Bedivere tries to get rid of the Excalibur. This picture makes the reader think that the setting is a winter night. According to Webster’s dictionary, winter symbolizes of coldness, misery or death. Winter is the season when living things die. The moon only comes out during the night. At night people â€Å"rest† from their busy lives and do nothing. Night closely related to winter because both are very dark and bleak times. The lack of light shows the sadness happening to Arthur. As Arthur passes the only light he has comes from the winter moon. The reader gets the feeling that Arthur is heading there. Tennyson chooses dark words and images to create a very desolate and gloomy setting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sidney Lumet states in Making Movies â€Å"there are no unimportant decisions in a movie.† Production designers put a lot of effort to recreate the original text. The setting is a very important factor in making a movie. It contributes to much of the style of a movie. Settings reflects many of the directors insights and opinions. There are times where the director goes to great lengths just to form the perfect scene. They leave no detail spared. According to Lumet, a director’s goal is to create a setting so that the audience feels apart of the movie’s world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the director needs to find a setting for his/her movie Lumet recommends to â€Å"find places that are closest to what you want to end up with.† If the setting needs to be changed it can change the atmosphere and become expensive too. Art direction

The Battle Against Emotions

Emotion is a word that best represents the feeling of a person. An individual can have more than one emotion and explore how it impacts him/herself as a whole. The growth of an individual is well attached to their emotions; and often times, emotions are used as a weakness. However, weakness of emotion also allows for growth in an individual. In the novel Soucouyant, written by the Canadian author, David Chariandy explores the theme emotion as weakness. Chariandy explores this common theme, as the growth of the character develops using the relationship between the mother and son. This relationship is used to show how different emotions have been created in use of a weakness to the character. Caramba, the son of an ill mother, tries to the best of his ability to be a successful care taker. However, the emotions of Caramba unfold as he reveals how he truly feels. Caramba learns to overcome his guilt about abandoning his mother as he comes to terms with his remorse that portrays his anger, his mother’s failing memory that connects to his childhood and the patience he discovers he has when care-taking for her. However, the result leads to Caramba crumbling furthermore inside and attempts to commit suicide. The growth of the character will slowly unfold the weaknesses caused by emotion in connection to the actions of the character. There are several different emotions that a human can feel. There are times where emotions over take the power and ability to control our minds. The greatest difficulty one can experience is to feel that they are responsible for a problem which has no solution to it. Just as Caramba, the protagonist of the novel, shows how he let his emotions over-rule his ability to think with a stable mind. The fact that his mother is unwell and he cannot help her frustrates him. His anger is shown as he screams â€Å"†¦because she’s not just some goddamned patient of yours, she’s my mother†¦! † (Chariandy 82). The frustration of Caramba and the anger he holds within himself shows as he yells at the nurse for treating his mother as an ordinary patient. The emotions of Caramba over took his sense to think straight, causing an outburst which created a moment of weakness for him. The emotion allows the character to evolve showing how much he cares for his mother. As the protagonist realizes this, he pitches in a helping hand to the nurse trying to fix his mother a meal. However, patience is lost by him when his mother does not reply to him. He then shouted to his mother, â€Å"can you shut up and tell me, Mother? Can you please just shut up for a moment and tell me? † (Chariandy 46). The character conveys his emotion of anger as he does not get a response from his mother when trying to help her. Caramba’s character understands and acknowledges the way he had spoken to his mother which appalled him and all the others. It is evident from this quote however, that Caramba understood the indecency in which he spoke to his mother allowing him to better recognize that he cannot repeat that mistake once again. The constant battle with his inner self presents itself yet again as he cries to the nurse screaming in a fit of rage â€Å"who the f*** are you to judge me, anyway? † (Chariandy 85). Caramba learns from this outbreak how much he is hurt deep down inside for leaving his mother and realizes that his inner conflict with himself has taken over him. As much as he tries to act normal and speak politely, he finds himself losing his anger in fits of rage making him understand how much trouble he is having coping with his mother’s illness and his absence from her. The unmistakable remorse and guilt are both apparent and these huge outbursts were just a cry of anger for him to release how he truly felt. The fact that he had his emotions trapped inside him troubled him and caused these flare-ups. However, the growth of his character through these explosions of anger fighting his inner conflict made him realize that his guilt and remorse cannot be an excuse to justify his actions and rude behavior. The growth of his character shows, as he understands that his emotions were just a weak moment for him to cry out loud by releasing anger to those in front of him. Caramba’s development shows for every single quote and supports the thesis showing an inner conflict which he expresses by crying aloud in anger to his mother and the nurse. Eventually, he understands that he cannot continuously carry the burden of his mother’s illness upon his shoulders. He learns to accept that his mother’s condition is not due to him leaving her. Caramba’s behavior proves how anger is used as a weakness as the guilt he had within himself for leaving her is still existent. He understands after each of these incidents that he needs to overcome the guilt and continue living ithout guilt or sorrow. A person’s past can play a huge role in their present. The connection that’s created may form a greater effect on the person more than the present moment they may be living. Other times, the connection from childhood memories to present day may introduce a sense of vulnerability. Caramba, the main character witnesses this happening to him as he reminisces of the past. He tries to see into his mother’s expression and cannot do so. This makes him wonder what is going through the mind of his very ill mother. He thinks to himself, â€Å"I remember Mother looking up into a cloudless sky, an infinite blue. I couldn’t read the expression on her face. After this, everything seemed to change. † (Chariandy 38). As much as he wanted to understand what his mother was thinking, it was difficult for him to do. Therefore, he left his mother alone letting her stay at peace with her own thoughts. Moreover, the bond of the two became stronger as they spent more quality time together. The growth of his character shows in the time that he spends with his mother reconnecting his bond and has flashbacks of memories. He understands he cannot help her but also realizes that he cannot see her as she is either. Caramba does not like to know about his mother’s illness and what stage it has processed to as he was just a little boy at the time. They visited the doctor once as a family for his mother; the doctor provided them with information about the condition his mother has. Returning home, he tried to read through the pamphlets provided and wasn’t strong enough to fulfill his need of becoming knowledgeable about his mother’s condition. His actions spoke louder than his words. Caramba thought, â€Å"I couldn’t use this. I couldn’t go further. I put the pamphlet back and joined Mother in the living room, determined to see her my own way. † (Chariandy 41). The vulnerability of Caramba exceeded far beyond words as he was a little boy at the time who wanted to believe his mother was not suffering from a serious case of Dementia. This allowed for a stronger bond between mother and son, as he did everything he could to help her through her illness as a child. The fact that he was not able to help her financially, being so young made him feel sad which is why he just wanted to view his mother in his own way; normal. Coming back to present day in the novel, as he returns home to see his mother, he sees first-hand how fragile she’s become. The older she got, the sicker she became. However, despite being so old and ill, she still knew how to have a good time. Mother and son got up for a dance and he was impressed at his mother`s memory. Caramba thinks â€Å"She moves briskly about the room. I struggle to keep up, astonished both by her energy and her memory of the moves. † (Chariandy 44). The bond between them grew even more so as they dance with one another. Caramba is speechless seeing his mother dancing and remembering every move as he struggles to keep up. This makes him feel fragile while she demonstrates the stronger character despite being ill. He feels weak and does not know how to express his feelings of vulnerability and astonishment at the same time. The growth of Caramba is impacted throughout the novel with vulnerability and flashbacks of his childhood strengthening the bond between mother and son. As he better understands that he cannot be blamed, rather help her with her illness like his childhood days; he would be happier. However, the little boy inside of him feels helpless trying to understand how his mother can remember some things and not others. The failing memory of Caramba’s mother proves how fragile Caramba had become. He understands that his past and present are two different times. However, there are times when Caramba is reminded of his past, proving this to be a weakness for him. His emotions take control of him as he realizes the difference in his mother and himself from the past and the present. Patience is a virtue, so it’s said. It’s much easier to rehearse the saying then it is to demonstrate it. However, Caramba shows patience fairly well as he understands that the condition his mother is suffering from is not his fault. Instead of feeling guilty further, he could help her with the things she is nott capable of doing herself which is exactly what he does. As he knows his mother does not have the ability to do much for herself, he becomes more caring and nurturing, and helps her with everything he possibly can. Caramba says, â€Å"I can bathe you. You can? I can do it too. I’m your son. She nods warily at this. I accept the bag of sugar from her and guide her upstairs to the bathroom. † (Chariandy 83). Although there is a nurse to provide assistance to Caramba’s mother, he chooses to help his mother on his own showing patience opposed to outbursts of anger. He really shows patience with his mother as he leads her upstairs to bathe her. This mother and son time also strengthens the bond between them helping him to stay patient longer when helping her. His character builds a stronger support system by helping his mother with his every task and creates an awareness and strength for greater patience as well. His mother has an accident shortly after she had been bathed and Caramba being kind and caring tries to help her yet again. However, this time around, he was in for a surprise as his mother refuses his help feeling embarrassed at the incident that had occurred. Caramba witnesses â€Å"She’s soiled herself again and she’s standing in a corner of her room with liquid clots running down her legs, her face breaking. ‘It’s alright, Mother. Let’s go to the bathroom and clean up. No. Go away. Come, Mother. We have to go now. No! Go away! Way, way. Don’t be silly, Mother, you can’t stay in that†¦state. Leave me! ’ She screams. † (Chariandy 84-85). Caramba was brave and extremely patient with his mother knowing that it was not going to be easy to make her understand that it was going to be alright. Therefore, he slowly tried to make his way and instead, his mother screamed aloud as if he’d done something wrong. Despite the loud screaming and shock that he felt, he still stayed calm and tried to help his mother into another set of clothing after bathing her yet again. Caramba demonstrated patience very well in these events that occurred. The fact that he was not able to explain to his mother in words how he could help her however, show her when the opportunities were granted increased his tolerance for his mother; allowing him to present his patience. Caramba had the opportunity to display his patience once more when his mother grew a little older and acted more childish than ever before. He said, â€Å"I eventually persuade her to trust me with the fuzzy noose†. (Chariandy 108). These series of events caused Caramba to recognize how much his mother needed him, built patience and made him understand that this was the only way he could really overcome his guilt for leaving her in the beginning. He became more aware for his mother’s needs and satisfied her by taking care of her. Patience really portrayed the weakness as an emotion for Caramba because his patience was limited before. Though, he began to understand better that his mother’s illness is not of his fault which means there was no need for guilt. Once he overcame his guilty feeling that had been hurting him for so long, he realized the more he lent a helping hand to his mother, the more she would appreciate him and their bond would strengthen. The strength and patience used by Caramba is shown as a weakness because he slowly breaks apart inside himself. He examines his ill mother very carefully and tries to take care of her the best he is capable of doing so. He watches his mother become sicker however, still shows endurance until the end. Emotions always play a big role in a person’s life as they are the main key to understanding people. Caramba, the protagonist of the novel, tries his levels best in trying to understand his very sick mother. As he tries to do so, he understands many things which allow him to make an emotional connection. Caramba overcame his guilty feeling that had possession of him for a long period of time. He understood that his character developed more as he accomplished relieving himself of anger, strengthening his bond with his mother with her empowerment to lose memory, and patience being used to help her with her inabilities to fulfill tasks. In conclusion, emotion is portrayed as weakness and shows how a human can express and grow from how they may be feeling. Emotions should never be able to control our minds and disable our ability to think wisely and correctly. Moreover, emotions should be used to explore and understand ourselves better.