Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wellbeing Management - Essay Example Foundation of a successful wellbeing activity plan requires assets and time, and in this way, backing of the senior administration. When building up another activity plan, an association can have a panel involving workers, board individuals and administrators to encourage acknowledgment, protection from change decrease and increment odds of security activity plan achievement. The board support on a wellbeing activity plan stays basic in guaranteeing security acknowledgment, sufficient execution results and vital help or preparing arrangement to representative in order to improved security, accordingly, bringing about a protected workplace (Binkley 157). Regardless of whether the activity plans involves presentation of another activity plan or adjustment of old procedure, it is basic for the security administrator to impart the means and the reason for the wellbeing activity plan process before execution. It is additionally fundamental that a wellbeing trough surveys the exhibition th e board arrangement of the association and make essential changes. As referenced before, wellbeing the executives is a nonstop procedure of arranging, checking and survey of procedures; a security activity plan ought to be founded on this coherence by first arranging, where desires are first distinguished, explained and settled upon. The arranging procedure ought to likewise remember distinguishing proof for how consequences of the arrangement will be estimated, concurrence on the way toward checking and activity plan documentation (Ruding 15).

Writing homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Composing schoolwork - Essay Example It isn't as though progress can't occur in a state controlled protectionist framework, and be serious with a free market framework. In any case, the author’s affirmations that facilitated commerce is better than protectionism by and large is a persuading contention generally speaking. To move from national legislative issues to an increasingly worldwide point of view, it is likewise critical to comprehend the job of work in different nations rather than its job in the US, and Roberts focuses generally on a worldwide workforce. For instance, the job of worker's organizations in Europe is more totalized than it is in the United States. In the U.S., associations speak to correct and explicit pieces of businesses and call for additional advantages and worker’s rights to be handled with singular organizations. In Europe, associations speak to the whole business in light of the fact that their gatherings are assembled and are all the more impressive. They call for less explicit issues, since they are speaking to a whole industry in Europe, however. Additional far reaching developments are conceivable thusly, yet the progressions are less explicitly outfitted to the quick worries of laborers in a specific fragment of the business. As far as work cooperation in the executives, this was incredible numerous years prior, however is turning out to be increasingly regular both in the U.S. furthermore, universally. Representatives are all the more habitually being remembered for the dynamic procedure and correspondence is developing among workers and administrators, in spite of political mishaps and misfortunes in the US including organization enrollment and association thickness. â€Å"The genuine decision is between a powerful world and a static world - a universe of urging individuals to dream and get the right stuff to make those fantasies work out as expected and a universe of urging individuals to be content with what they have and to dream less† (Roberts, 2000). The contention for and against universal financial aspects is fundamentally an impression of greater contention about hypothetical issues of protectionism and unhindered commerce, which was referenced previously. In this universal contention,

Why Volunteering at University Can Make You Happy

Why Volunteering at University Can Make You Happy Volunteering at University and Happiness Volunteering at University and Happiness Most students are likely, and for good reason, under the impression that volunteering at university is a completely unrealistic responsibility to work into their already overburdened lives. If you are taking a full course-load, and perhaps even working part-time to supplement your income, it might seem like every single second, of every single day has already been accounted for well in advance. You are lucky to find a couple hours a week to sit down and have a coffee with a friend. However, if you were to carefully analyze how you spend what little free time you do have at school (let’s be realistic, it’s not zero for most people), much of it could be far better spent. One of the ways it could be better spent is helping other people. Not only does it allow you to claim on a resume that you do things outside of studying and sleeping, but it also, it turns out, can do a wide range of good things for you psychologically. Below are some of the reasons why volunteering at university can make you a happier person. Volunteering at university connects you with other like-minded people Even if you consider yourself an extreme introvert, chances are, you do enjoy at least a little social interaction every so often. The chances are also high that regardless of how introverted or extroverted you are, interacting with like-minded fellow human beings is something you like to do. Even the misanthrope feels a thrill upon encountering a fellow misanthrope. When you dedicate your time to helping others, or to helping a specific cause, the people you meet doing so will, at the very least, have been compelled by a similar desire, or thought process as you. The fact remains, being lonely is strongly correlated with worse physical and emotional health. People who spend extended periods of time by themselves, without the comfort of other human beings, often find themselves more depressed, anxious, and with a poorer outlook on life. Volunteering at university is a great way to not only connect with your fellow human beings, but do so in a setting where you are making a difference. It could be cleaning up a local park, or sitting down with some local seniors to chat about life for a couple of hours each week. Volunteering makes us happy A large part of the reason people volunteer is that it feels good. Helping others and being altruistic for its own sake is clearly also a fundamental part of why people volunteer, and continue to volunteer over time, but they are also likely getting an endorphin rush out of it as well. The reason why volunteering promotes happiness and mental well-being is that it reminds us we are a part of something bigger than ourselves, and it helps provide us with perspective on our lives. People are designed to search for meaning; it is part of the human condition. We don’t just live in the here and now, we compare the here and now to our past, as well as make predictions about and project ourselves into the future. All of this introspection and reflection can prompt intense feelings of emotional uncertainty, and spending your time doing something that will help other people provides the feeling that what you are doing really matters. It also helps us understand where we really are in our lives. If you spend all of your time self-absorbed, and consumed by what is going on in the small bubble you live in, it can be easy to think you have it bad. Spend some time volunteering, especially among vulnerable or marginalized populations, and you will likely realize that your life (as a university student in the West getting an education and working on improving your life) likely has some aspects to be thankful for. Sense of purpose If you have spent much time volunteering in the past, you likely have noticed that a lot of senior citizens volunteer their time. It makes sense from a time perspective. Older, retired people have more free time to do things like volunteer. But it is also because a large amount of research shows that seniors who volunteer their time maintain better mental health than those who do not. It makes sense that people who have spent their entire lives being parents and building careers, when that stage of their lives comes to an end, would be looking for a place to fill the void. Volunteering provides seniors and university students alike with a sense of meaning and purpose. Much of the psychological misery that can be part of the human condition (for some, an overwhelming part) has to do with feeling as though our lives don’t have meaning or purpose. Helping others provides that sense of meaning and purpose to a great many people, which in turn improves outlook and attitude. If you would like to spend some of your time volunteering, but your term papers are getting in the way of really getting serious about it, there are services out there that can help you free up some of your time. Volunteering is not something that you need to spend hours doing every single week in order to feel that you have done something worthwhile, or to get the happiness-boosting benefits of helping others. You can volunteer an hour per week, or a couple of hours per month, and still feel you have done something worthwhile. Additionally, volunteering is not a cure-all for depression or negative feelings about life. If you find yourself really struggling at school, talk to a mental health professional about it. Volunteering at university is something anyone and everyone can and should do, and if you find there simply isn’t enough time in the day to take advantage of all the great volunteer opportunities on campus, get in touch with Homework Help Global and let a professional essay writer help you free up some time. References: Kent, M. (2011). “Volunteering and health for aging populations.” PRB. Retrieved from: Schmidt, L. “6 ways volunteering makes you happy.” The Chopra Centre. Retrieved from: 6-ways-volunteering-makes-you-happy Why Volunteering at University Can Make You Happy Volunteering at University and Happiness Volunteering at University and Happiness Most students are likely, and for good reason, under the impression that volunteering at university is a completely unrealistic responsibility to work into their already overburdened lives. If you are taking a full course-load, and perhaps even working part-time to supplement your income, it might seem like every single second, of every single day has already been accounted for well in advance. You are lucky to find a couple hours a week to sit down and have a coffee with a friend. However, if you were to carefully analyze how you spend what little free time you do have at school (let’s be realistic, it’s not zero for most people), much of it could be far better spent. One of the ways it could be better spent is helping other people. Not only does it allow you to claim on a resume that you do things outside of studying and sleeping, but it also, it turns out, can do a wide range of good things for you psychologically. Below are some of the reasons why volunteering at university can make you a happier person. Volunteering at university connects you with other like-minded people Even if you consider yourself an extreme introvert, chances are, you do enjoy at least a little social interaction every so often. The chances are also high that regardless of how introverted or extroverted you are, interacting with like-minded fellow human beings is something you like to do. Even the misanthrope feels a thrill upon encountering a fellow misanthrope. When you dedicate your time to helping others, or to helping a specific cause, the people you meet doing so will, at the very least, have been compelled by a similar desire, or thought process as you. The fact remains, being lonely is strongly correlated with worse physical and emotional health. People who spend extended periods of time by themselves, without the comfort of other human beings, often find themselves more depressed, anxious, and with a poorer outlook on life. Volunteering at university is a great way to not only connect with your fellow human beings, but do so in a setting where you are making a difference. It could be cleaning up a local park, or sitting down with some local seniors to chat about life for a couple of hours each week. Volunteering makes us happy A large part of the reason people volunteer is that it feels good. Helping others and being altruistic for its own sake is clearly also a fundamental part of why people volunteer, and continue to volunteer over time, but they are also likely getting an endorphin rush out of it as well. The reason why volunteering promotes happiness and mental well-being is that it reminds us we are a part of something bigger than ourselves, and it helps provide us with perspective on our lives. People are designed to search for meaning; it is part of the human condition. We don’t just live in the here and now, we compare the here and now to our past, as well as make predictions about and project ourselves into the future. All of this introspection and reflection can prompt intense feelings of emotional uncertainty, and spending your time doing something that will help other people provides the feeling that what you are doing really matters. It also helps us understand where we really are in our lives. If you spend all of your time self-absorbed, and consumed by what is going on in the small bubble you live in, it can be easy to think you have it bad. Spend some time volunteering, especially among vulnerable or marginalized populations, and you will likely realize that your life (as a university student in the West getting an education and working on improving your life) likely has some aspects to be thankful for. Sense of purpose If you have spent much time volunteering in the past, you likely have noticed that a lot of senior citizens volunteer their time. It makes sense from a time perspective. Older, retired people have more free time to do things like volunteer. But it is also because a large amount of research shows that seniors who volunteer their time maintain better mental health than those who do not. It makes sense that people who have spent their entire lives being parents and building careers, when that stage of their lives comes to an end, would be looking for a place to fill the void. Volunteering provides seniors and university students alike with a sense of meaning and purpose. Much of the psychological misery that can be part of the human condition (for some, an overwhelming part) has to do with feeling as though our lives don’t have meaning or purpose. Helping others provides that sense of meaning and purpose to a great many people, which in turn improves outlook and attitude. If you would like to spend some of your time volunteering, but your term papers are getting in the way of really getting serious about it, there are services out there that can help you free up some of your time. Volunteering is not something that you need to spend hours doing every single week in order to feel that you have done something worthwhile, or to get the happiness-boosting benefits of helping others. You can volunteer an hour per week, or a couple of hours per month, and still feel you have done something worthwhile. Additionally, volunteering is not a cure-all for depression or negative feelings about life. If you find yourself really struggling at school, talk to a mental health professional about it. Volunteering at university is something anyone and everyone can and should do, and if you find there simply isn’t enough time in the day to take advantage of all the great volunteer opportunities on campus, get in touch with Homework Help Global and let a professional essay writer help you free up some time. References: Kent, M. (2011). “Volunteering and health for aging populations.” PRB. Retrieved from: Schmidt, L. “6 ways volunteering makes you happy.” The Chopra Centre. Retrieved from: 6-ways-volunteering-makes-you-happy

Scholarly Journals On Scientific Communication - 1885 Words

The publication of scientific work is critically important to scientific communication (Twaij et al. 2014). Scientists communicate their new research or studies to their audience by publishing their work in scholarly journals and books. People who are not from the area of expertise or are unfamiliar with the given topic must be able to trust in the credibility of published journal articles. A common process that controls the high quality of scientific publication is called ‘peer review’, which ensures that the published work has met the specific standards of a given discipline, a process that usually begins with a professional reviewing of an author’s article by a community of qualified experts before publication. The reviewers are usually chosen from relevant academic fields and in some cases, the authors are allowed to suggest names of their preferred peer reviewers (Bornmann 2011). The reviewer is responsible for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the paper, giving constructive comments along with acceptance-revision-rejection decisions (Do 2003) to the author. More importantly, the peer review process makes a substantial contribution to determine whether the manuscript contains any â€Å"fatal† flaws (Brand 2012), such as plagiarism, duplicated research or even wrong science. Therefore, peer review plays a critical role in scientific communication by improving the quality of published papers. A survey conducted by Ware showed that a majority of authors (91%)Show MoreRelatedArab Authors Perspective On The Peer Review Quality767 Words   |  4 Pagesquality: Emerald’s scholarly library information science journals as a case study â€Å"Peer review has been providing a valuable service to the scientific community since it was first employed in 1665 by the Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, and its value is very difficult to measure†. (British Ecological Society, 2013, p. 1). Introduction Scholarly communication, especially in the digital environment, has witnessed a significant growth in the scientific productivity inRead MoreScholarly Bibliography On Scholarly Journals Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesterms Scholarly peer review Scholarly peer review, also known as refereeing, is the process of subjecting an author’s scholarly manuscript to the scrutiny of others who are experts and working in the same field (Ware 2013). Scholarly/academic journal Scholarly journal, also called as academic/scientific/refereed journal or very often peer-reviewed journal, is a peer-reviewed/refereed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serveRead MoreWhat Is Peer Review?960 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature review What is peer review? Peer review is the evaluation of scholarly and academic articles by other researchers or scientists who are expert in the field and qualified enough to perform a reasonably neutral review. It is an indispensable part of the process of the scholarly publication. Most academic journals rely on scholarly peer review, or refereeing, to help editors evaluate the quality of articles submitted to their journals. The review process is a skill, which is learned through practiceRead MoreGenre Analysis : Jenny Mollen1156 Words   |  5 Pagesconvention is defined as a communication or a connection for writers and readers through the structure, reference, or language of an essay. For example, if a famous science author wrote a scientific journal article, then the structure of the scientific journal article would include a hypothesis, data, and lab result. With this structure, many readers can easily identify what a scientific journal article should look like. Similarly, I am also interested in reading scientific journal articles because my majorRead More The Future of Scholarship Essay3612 Words   |  15 Pagesyears ago. Information and communication technologies have changed dramatically even in the last ten years. Electronic mail, listservs, and the Internet, to name a few, are all parts of the new technology that is re-defining scholarly communication. In her article entitled â€Å"Scholarly Communication† Christine Borgman states that â€Å"[r]esearch was clustered around three variables: producers of the communication . . ., artifacts of communication . . . and communication concepts.† (146) The impactRead MoreThe Importance Of Professional Writing Throughout A Nurse s Career823 Words   |  4 PagesNurses utilize writing every day in clinical practice, making the attainment of professional writing skills an important goal for students. Scholarly writing is form of communication which exchanges health information amongst professionals and consu mers. Professional nursing literature is formatted according to the American Psychological Association (APA) formatting standards. Producing well-written nursing documentation or publications helps nurses enhance their professional respectability alongRead MoreElectronic Media13295 Words   |  54 PagesDifferences and the Shaping of Electronic Media in Supporting Scientific Communication Rob Kling Geoffrey McKim April 27, 2000 Indiana University School of Library and Information Science 10th Jordan, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA +1 812 855 5113 kling@indiana.edu, mckimg@indiana.edu Accepted for publication in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Abstract The shift towards the use of electronic media in scholarly communication appears to be an inescapable imperative. However, theseRead MoreThe Growth And Dynamics Of Bangladesh Research1311 Words   |  6 Pagesthe year 1973 to 2015. The study attempts to examine the distribution of journal articles/ papers (age-wise, year-wise, and article-wise), authorship pattern, subject, language, and geographical distribution. The web of Science Citation Index used to determine the scattering of journal articles in the publication pattern on the LISTA database. There †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. papers in all, and these were published in more than †¦.. scholarly journals. The scope of the paper is limited to study the growth and dynamics ofRead MoreEssay on Comparing Scholarly Articles and Internet Resources1279 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Scholarly Articles and Internet Resources Advances in technology, computer systems and internet enabled nursing professionals to access medical and nursing databases and health information for practice, education and research. The quantity of information available is so extensive that it is almost impossible to keep abreast of them. There are several kinds of articles available in computer databases, scholarly journals and published from various government and private organizations.Read MoreOnline Journals And Periodicals Among Engineering Colleges1451 Words   |  6 PagesUSE OF ONLINE JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS AMONG ENGINEERING COLLEGES IN DINDIGUL DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY Dr. S. Aravind Librarian, G.T.N Arts College, Dindigul Tamilnadu, India, Email: aragtn2601@yahoo.com Abstract This paper attempts to deal with Students’ opinion regarding the usage of online journals and periodicals by the users of engineering colleges. This study attempts to find out the familiarity, preference and utility of online journals and periodicals by the users of engineering colleges

Focus. Tactical Games Focuses On Students Understanding

Focus Tactical Games focuses on students understanding of game strategies. Each game type has certain strategies that can be taught in a way that changes from game to game. Students learn how to do a skill only after they understand the detailed strategy surrounding the actual skill. It is the physical education instructor’s responsibility to give students an overall description of the given task including athletic forms/stance’s, extensions, and activity goals. Researchers found teachers prefer the tactical games model because students are motivated when participating in the strenuous activity’s. Tactical game participants improve significantly in skill development, declarative knowledge, and game performance compared to the†¦show more content†¦Up Over: â€Å"Up Over† is a tactical game that consist of students in lines of two or three using a (cognitive and psychomotor) physical and mental approach to get hula hoop from the front of the li ne, to the back of the line. Each participant in the line will hold one another’s hands (Person to the left of you in line holds one hand while person to the right of you in line holds the other) interlocking fingers so the hoop will not detach itself from the line. Without letting to hula hoop touch the floor, students will try to get the hoop from the front of the line, to the back of the line while the instructor allows students to work independently in groups where students will strategies and work together to complete the task/activity. Extension The instructor is also able to create and add extensions for these activities. For â€Å"Cross the River†, the instructor can add a rule extension. The new rule is after every student has crossed the gym floor, each student from each team must do five pushups, one by one, until every student has completed the task. For â€Å"Up Over†. The instructor may add a rule extension. The new rule is every student must move from the back of the line to the front of the line one time also trying to move from one side of the gym to the other side of the gym while getting the hoop through the line. (base line, tooShow MoreRelatedTeaching A Sporting Session : The Australian National Football League1546 Words   |  7 Pagesalthough there is more to it. There are three main learning approaches that are somewhat similar but are often confused when teaching a sporting session. It is important to have a better understanding of these learning methods which are technical, tactical and organisational but are most commonly known as Traditional, Game Sense and Sport Education. Before we begin to participate in skill acquisition, sport or physical activity. Motor behaviour consist of three closely related disciplines; motor controlRead MoreEnd Of Unit Assessment : Assessment1306 Words   |  6 PagesEnd of unit Assessment Last, the students will be given a post unit multiple choice short answer assessment. This assessment will start with knowledge questions where the students answer basic questions pertaining to definitions of key elements used in the unit. Then slowly progress throughout the assessment to Synthesis level questions. These synthesis questions contain charts where the students would create offensive or defensive plays to counter the opposing team. The questions will be appropriateRead MoreEvaluation Of An Athlete s Performance ( Serra Olivares )1498 Words   |  6 Pages Learning a new skill is difficult and it is up to the instructor of the skill to cater to the learners. Today’s physical education classes focus on mini-games in order to enhance students’ game performances. 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Therefore, results have a great level of importance placedRead Moreyr 7 unit pla for basketball2204 Words   |  9 Pageshow teachers can educate students to acquire new skills in basketball and various ways to assess development and adaptation (by students) to the sport. Basketball is a diverse sport, played across the globe, that captures a variety of skills, which p articipants try to attain. The main skills used in basketball are dribbling, shooting, passing, and defending, but many other developmental skills (which come under the umbrella of the main skills) can be acquired. By understanding the main skills neededRead MoreEvaluation and Feedback of my Volleyball Skills1501 Words   |  7 Pagesskill and improve it. In this essay I will evaluate my volleyball ability and the feedback techniques that were displayed by my physical education teacher. Throughout the unit I made a four week journal to record the type of practice, feedback from game play and training. 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At the minimum, students should be expected to listen, understand and follow the rules of a game, willing to participate and have some experienceRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Ed Kotler Test Bank Chapter 27850 Words   |  32 Pagescompetition E) communicate similar value as provided by competitors Answer: C Page Ref: 33 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 2) What is the traditional view of marketing? A) Firms should just focus on production because if the products are good then they will automatically sell. B) Firms should just focus on production and selling because marketing occurs as a part of the selling process. C) Firms should have a proper marketing team that can increase consumers awareness of their products and rouseRead MoreArctic Mining Consultants -Team Paper6076 Words   |  25 Pagesrelates to there manager or leader. The relationship that the two share whether its good or bad and how it effects the labor of the employee. The environment that the organization operates in and how the employees adapt to it. Good leaders should focus on motivating their employees. High performance climate is measured by a employee doing what ever it takes to achieve there goals in the organization. Low performance climate is measured when employees are not achieving there goals and not always completingRead MoreUnique Experiences and Perspectives Which Contribute to the Program3738 Words   |  15 Pagesachieve my goals, I cannot be quiet and reserved but rather outgoing and assertive. What I bring to the table at my current job and what I would bring to Schulich is a multi-cultural mindset from a female perspective. In the world of marketing, the focus is always on selling to your target market. As someone who can relate to numerous target markets, I can offer numerous perspectives as opposed to my counterparts elsewhere. The strengths I’ve taken from all aspects of my background – from being Chinese

Intergroup Relations Types of Prejudice Free Essays

Types of Prejudice PSY322 Intergroup Relations Jonathan Cadieux Outline †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Model of Prejudice Sexism Overweight Sexual Orientation Ageism Fiske Prejudice Model ? 4 Types of Groups ? Based on Competence and Warmth ? Competence: perceived group status ? Warmth: perceived competition ? Group 1: Incompetent but warm ? Low status, not competitive ? Results in Paternalistic Prejudice ? Group 2: Incompetent and not warm – Low status, competitive – Results in Contemptuous Prejudice Group 3: Competent but not warm – High status, competitive – Results in Envious Prejudice Group 4: Competent and warm – High status, not competitive – Results in Admiration ? Fiske Prejudice Model Competence Envious Prejudice Jews, Asians, Feminists, Wealthy people Warmth High Admiration In-group, Close allies Low High Welfare recipients, Poor people Contemptuous Prejudice Elderly, Disabled, Housewives Low Paternalistic Prejudice What A bout Working Moms? Competence Envious Prejudice Jews, Asians, Feminists, Wealthy people Warmth High Admiration In-group, Close allies Low High Welfare recipients, Poor people Contemptuous Prejudice Elderly, Disabled, Housewives Low Paternalistic Prejudice Stereotypes of Working Moms Cuddy, Fiske, Glick (2004) †¢ How are working moms viewed compared to working dads and working women without children? †¢ Ps rated fictitious targets – Competence, warmth, likelihood of professional rewards – Target: either male/female with a child or not †¢ Predictions from Fiske Prejudice Model – Working moms would be viewed as housewives are viewed: warm incompetent – Working moms: warmer but less competent than working women without kids – Fewer professional rewards for working moms Stereotypes of Working Moms Cuddy, Fiske, Glick (2004) Gender Gap in the Workplace †¢ Women accounted for only 14. 4% of executive positions – Source: 2010 Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 Women Board Directors and the 2010 Catalyst Census: Fortune 500 Women Executive Officers and Top Earners †¢ Women continue to earn less than men. For example, female managers earned 81 cents for every dollar earned by male managers in 2007 (Source: U. We will write a custom essay sample on Intergroup Relations: Types of Prejudice or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Govt Acctountability Office) On the other hand†¦ Sexism and gender roles †¢ Differences in wages are due to sexism, but this appears to operate differently than through overt discrimination. Sexism in the definition of gender roles seem to be at the root of discrepancies in wages. †¢ Potential solutions : – Encouraging women to enter higher paying fields (currently â€Å"male-dominated†) †¢ Stereotype threat? – Encouraging more equitable share of household chores and family caretaking . †¢ Maternity = Paternity leaves? Sexism †¢ Definition †¢ Types of sexism – Old-fashioned †¢ Endorse traditional gender roles gender stereotypes †¢ Believe in different treatment of men women – Modern †¢ Less blatant; denial of discrimination against women †¢ Nonsupport of programs legislation to help women Benevolent vs. Hostile †¢ Benevolent: positive but stereotyped views; paternalistic †¢ Host ile: negative attitudes; belief in inferiority Old-fashioned sexism Old fashioned sexism For those of you who think it was half a century ago†¦ For those of you who think it was half a century ago†¦ Stigma of Overweight †¢ Overweight stereotype – Lazy, lack self-control, unattractive, slow †¢ Stigma is experienced differently – Seen as controllable †¢ Outcomes for overweight – Held accountable for negative outcomes – More openly derogated – Prejudiced against own group Well-being of the Overweight Quinn Crocker (1999) Exp. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Role of Protestant Ethic (PE) Implications for overweight women Exp. 1: Correlational Study Independent Variables – Protestant Ethic, weight status (normal, somewhat overweight, very overweight) †¢ Dependent Variable: well-being Quinn Crocker (1999) Exp. 1 Results Well-being of the Overweight Quinn Crocker (1999) Exp. 2 †¢ Primed PE or inclusion – Mood effects of media messages – Read paragraph that primed PE or inclusion – Read another article that discussed negative social effects of being overweight †¢ Independent Variables – Prime condition, weight status (normal, overweight) Dependent Variables: well-being (post – pre), appearance SE (post only) Quinn Crocker (1999): Psychological Well-Being Exp. 2: Well-being 1. 5 1 0. 5 Normal Weight Overweight 0 -0. 5 -1 -1. 5 Protestant Ethic Prime Inclusive Prime Quinn Crocker (1999): Appearance Self-Esteem Exp. 2: Appearance Self-Esteem 3. 6 3. 5 3. 4 3. 3 3. 2 3. 1 3 2. 9 2. 8 2. 7 Normal Weight Overweight Protestant Ethic Prime Inclusive Prime Obesity in Canada Antigay Prejudice †¢ Forms of discrimination – Legal rights, hate crimes †¢ Heterosexism †¢ Current attitudes – Sex differences – Characteristics of high prejudiced Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ ‘The Voice’ Coach Makes â€Å"anti-gay† slur 34-year old The Voice Coach and country singer, Blake Shelton has gotten himself into hot water for making an anti-gay slur. It all started on Tuesday, when Shelton, Tweeted his own version of Shania Twain’s Any Mine of Mine: †Any man that tries touching my behind, he’s gonna be a beaten, bleedin’, heaving kind of guy. † Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ Tracy Morgan Apologizes for Anti-Gay Slurs †¢ (†¦)the alleged remarks during the show included how he would react violently if his son were gay and used â€Å"a gay oice,† that the gay community should â€Å"not be whining about something as insignificant as bullying,† and he allegedly added, â€Å"Gay is something that kids learn from the media and programming. † Antigay prejudice in the Real World †¢ Gay rights group to launch complaint over †˜homophobic’ comments by RDS (TV Sports) analysts †¢ Mailhot, a former provincial assistant deputy minister, and Goldberg, were discussing the skating of Johnny Weir, the flamboyant 23-year-old and three -time U. S. champion . – â€Å"This may not be politically correct, but do you think he lost points due to his costume and his body language? – â€Å"They’ll think all the boys who skate will end up like him,† he said. â€Å"It sets a bad example. † – â€Å"We should make him (Weir) pass a gender test at this point,† Goldberg said, and Mailhot then jokingly suggested Weir should compete in the women’s competition. Impact of Antigay prejudice †¢ Suicide risks – Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth 4 times more likely to attempt suicide than their heterosexual peers (Massachusetts Youth Risk Survey 2007). – More than 1/3 of LGB youth report having made a suicide attempt (D’Augelli AR â₠¬â€œ Clinical Child Psychiatry and Psychology 2002) LGB youth who come from highly rejecting families are more than 8 times as likely to have attempted suicide than LGB peers who reported no or low levels of family rejection (Ryan C, Huebner D, et al. , 2009) – Visit http://www. thetrevorproject. org/ for more info on this issue. Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999) †¢ University of Windsor students †¢ Completed short version of Attitudes toward Lesbians Men scale – E. g. â€Å"Female homosexuality is a sin†, â€Å"I think male homosexuals are disgusting† †¢ Did attitudes vary by: – Gender, faculty, year in school? Predictions – Science or Business Arts Social Science – Men Women – 1st Year 4th Year Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999) Canadian Students’ Attitudes toward Homosexuals (Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999) Stereotype Threat and Sexual Orientation Bosson, Haymovitz, Pinel (2004) †¢ Gay and heterosexual male undergrads †¢ Primed sexual orientation or not †¢ Interacted with 4-6 year old children for 5 min – Interaction videotaped and coded for: †¢ Non-verbal anxiety †¢ Childcare performance †¢ Prediction? Non-verbal Anxiety Bosson et al. 2004) Childcare Performance Bosson et al. (2004) How can we change this? †¢ One way could be by confronting anti-gay behaviour/speech whenever we see/hear it. CONFRONTATION OF PREJUDICE †¢ â€Å"Verbally or nonverbally expressing one’s dissatisfaction with prejudicial and discriminatory treatment to the person who is responsible for making the remark or behavior ’’ (Shelton, Richeson, Salvatore, Hill, 2006, p. 67). Confrontation of Prejudice – Previous Work †¢ Almost exclusively with Sexism and Racism confrontation †¢ Little work done with anti-ga y prejudice Confrontation of racial and gender bias Czopp, Monteith (2003) Study 2 †¢ Imagined setting (read scenario) †¢ IV : Racist remark or Sexist remark †¢ Testing for moderating role of the race or gender of the person confronting. Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT GUILT AND NEG. SELF PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT GUILT AND NEG. SELF PERSUASIVE LIKEABLE THREAT Results Czopp, Monteith (2003) GUILT AND NEG. SELF Confrontation of racial and gender bias Czopp, Monteith (2003) †¢ General conclusion – Sexism and racism not equal – Non-target group members have a unique pportunity for prejudice reduction Other Findings Czopp, Monteith (2006), Rasinski, Czopp (2010) LIKEABLE LIKEABLE Other Findings †¢ Confrontation is effective : reduces further biased responses in all participants (Czopp, Monteith, Mark, 2006) †¢ Witnesses rate non-target confronters as more persuasive, and more positive than target confronters (Ra sinski Czopp, 2010) Cadieux Chasteen (2013) †¢ 136 Participants recruited from PSY100 (47 males, 89 females; Age M=18. 9, SD=1. 92) †¢ Read a script of an IM chat log and were told that we are looking at how social media affects everyday communication Scripts included either an antigay comment that : 1) 2) †¢ The confronter was either gay, straight, or did not have his orientation divulged and this was hinted to the participant on a profile page (Facebook) : †¢ A) †¢ B) †¢ C) †¢ Profiles were pilot tested to get baseline evaluations of likeability, masculinity, femininity, attractiveness, etc. Experimental conditions Sexual orientation Scenario – Straight – Comment WITH Confrontation – Gay – Comment WITHOUT Confrontation – Undisclosed Results MAIN EFFECT (c) F(1,130)=3. 77, p=. 05 ? 2=. 028 Results MAIN EFFECT (o) F(2,130)=76. 31, p How to cite Intergroup Relations: Types of Prejudice, Essay examples

Stereotyping Essay Example

Stereotyping Essay Stereotyping has always been viewed as a form of prejudice that interferes with the harmonious relationships of people.   But, there are some groups that view stereotyping as advantageous. During a diversity management session, a manager suggests that stereotypes are a necessary part of working with others. â€Å"I have to make assumptions about what`s in the other person`s head, and stereotypes help me to that,† she explains. â€Å"It`s better to reply on stereotypes than to enter a working relationship with someone from another culture without any idea of what they believe in!† This statement of the manager has some merits, as well as problems. Based on current research, what does stereotyping bring into the work environment? Does stereotyping lead to more advantages than disadvantages? If stereotyping results to negative consequences, how can these be minimized or managed?What is stereotyping?The most definitive definition of stereotyping must be assembled from var ious sources so that any biases in definitions must be removed. In doing so, three important aspects about stereotyping have been discovered. First, stereotyping is based on either initial or early judgment.   Second, stereotyping has basis. This means that physical, social, historical, economic, cultural, geographical, and emotional events create stereotypes. For example, the 9-11 terrorist attacks placed almost all people from the Middle East a member of the Al Qaeda (Wharhaftig 1991).. And lastly, the third aspect of stereotyping has many forms. That is, there can be stereotypes based on gender, age, socio-economic status, religion, and race. In the workplace and within a country, the most common form of stereotyping is based on race. For example, the progressive country of Singapore is composed of the Chinese, the Malays, the Indians, the Eurasians, and other races. Racial stereotyping exists in Singapore (Zhuang 2006). In all three aspects of stereotyping, there is no bias to wards the negative consequences. It appears that stereotyping may have advantages, especially in the workplace.Why is stereotyping beneficial?In the workplace, stereotyping becomes an important part of decision making, especially when the manager is forced to come up with a decision based on incomplete information.   The argument against this reason is that the manager should have obtained all necessary information so that he would not make a prejudiced decision. Unfortunately, some economists find that the benefits of obtaining more information do not exceed the disadvantages of quickly making a stereotypical decision.   Thus, one strong reason for employing stereotyping is economics. In Europe for example, the strict labor laws prevent many employers from firing workers who do not exactly meet their expectations. Thus, the employer uses stereotyping. If an employer does not heed his preconceive notions and hire someone who does not physically appear as capable, perhaps the bea rd and hair are too long and the clothes are sloppy, in order to give this applicant a chance, the employer may end up with a lazy worker and this is an economic loss to the company (Malek 2006).Aside from economics, stereotyping is also beneficial in the field of anthropological and cultural studies. The way that social scientists classify culture, into high-context and low-context culture, is an example of stereotyping. High-context culture is composed of people who are more group-oriented, such as most Asians. On the other hand, low-context culture is composed of people who are more individualistic, such as North Americans (Burgess 2003). If speaking before a group of people, the lecturer must take into consideration the nature of the audience. Is it high-context or low-context? In doing so, the speaker will be more effective.What problems does stereotyping bring?Stereotyping also presents problems in the workplace especially when it is typically based on wrong assumptions. A fem ale worker, because of a pretty face, will most probably be stereotyped as less intelligent than the other workers. While there are instances when stereotypes are helpful, there are also instances that stereotypes create a hostile environment in the workplace. With a hostile workplace environment, the whole organization cannot function effectively and efficiently. Stereotyping may also lead to lawsuits, especially in countries where there are strict laws against gender, age, and race discrimination (Hoffman Hurst 1990). Thus, even if stereotyping is pervasive in all aspects of human interaction (Parker, Archer Scott 1992), there is a need to take actions that will reduce stereotyping and minimize or manage its negative consequences.How to minimize and manage stereotyping?There are many books and articles that offer various ways of dealing with stereotypes. For example, Burgess (2003) suggests that media must take more responsibility so that stereotyping is not developed easily esp ecially in children. And then, Breslin (1991) suggests that a person must always focus on the individual. But such a method may not be easily implemented, especially when there are cultural differences. It would be interesting to compare two nations and the different ways that they manage racial stereotypes. The United States deal with racial stereotypes by recognizing the uniqueness of each race. Thus, a Chinese-American is aware of his cultural heritage from China. On the other hand, the government of Singapore suppressed open discussion of racial differences. As a result, a Chinese-Singaporean is only knowledgeable about being a Singaporean, but not about being Chinese (Moore 2000). Which method is better? There is no accurate or morally acceptable answer. Therefore, in managing and minimizing the negative consequences of stereotyping, there must be a scientific approach that focuses on how stereotyping or the early pre-judgments of people can change throughout time.Allport (1954 ) described two ways of changing stereotypes: bookkeeping and conversion. In bookkeeping, the manager accommodates new information that does not agree with the original stereotype. It is a slow process but this is the usual path that people take when they have strong stereotypes of others. Conversion, on the other hand, is a radical change of the preconceived image when a contradictory fact is revealed. For example, if an American coworker is stereotyped as arrogant and he showed humility, then the stereotype is removed.   By focusing on these two processes, the management can deal with the negative consequences of stereotyping.ConclusionStereotyping presents advantages from the perspective of economics, effective communication and cultural studies. However, in the workplace, stereotyping will most likely bring about conflict, hostilities, lower production, and even lawsuits. These negative consequences must be minimized. Unfortunately, stereotyping is prevalent and often utilized . Removing stereotypes, therefore, is neither possible nor practical. But the management can help change, not remove, stereotypes by modeling two processes, bookkeeping and conversion. These two processes happen as more information about the workers is revealed and longer working relationships are carried out. Stereotyping Essay Example Stereotyping Essay Stereotyping has become so prevalent in the business world. It is as if people have created a giant system that categorizes people and groups into classes. In todays international business world, it is commonplace to work with people from different cultures and thus stereotyping will inevitably exist especially when dealing with people from diversified backgrounds. Stereotypes is defined as A fixed impression which conforms very little to the facts it pretends to represent and results from our defining first and observing second (Katz Brady 1935, cited In Schneider 2004, p. 6). American Journalist Walter Lifespan introduced the concept stereotyping In his 1922 book Public Opinion as a means of describing the way society set about categorizing people -stamping human beings with set of characteristics ( Nacho Lease 1992, n. P). Stereotypes as deflations are usually link to as offensive: they have negative connotations. Elderly are absent minded, athlete as dumb, mother-in-law as troub le maker. And you can easily fill in many others that are far more offensive. But there are also stereotypes which are costive, Asian Americans are smart and hardworking, Hispanics are family oriented, black is good athletes and women are kind and caring (McCrea, Stanton Weston 1996, IPPP). In an organization context, manager tends to engage In stereotypes because drawing on the cognitive Ideas of Lifespan (1992) and Laptop (1954) that as human beings, we need to simplify and categorize the social world (Hint 2000, p. 20). Machines and Tetravalent (2007) states, It Is Impossible to recall the entire unique characteristic of the employee that they have work with. They do not have much information when hey first meet. Therefore they rely extensively on stereotypes to fill in missing pieces. Negative perception views of employer through stereotypes usually limit the persons ability to contribute to the company (Stanton, 2000). Women in the past have been excluded from specific occupation such as engineering. We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotyping specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotyping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotyping specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Studies indicate that females and males hold negative stereotypes about the ability of women to be effective engineers. Likewise, to be a good mother, you have to dedicate a lot of time and energy to It and therefore there is this belief that you have less time and energy for ark and so you cant do a good Job. Thus, a woman who Is a mother Is often denied the opportunity to move forward and that Is detrimental to women. This forms a halo effect If a general Impression Is drawn based on a single characteristic (Robbins et al. 1998 p. 130). Easier since it permits us to maintain consistency. It is less difficult to deal with an unmanageable number of stimuli if we use stereotypes (Robbins et al. 1998, p. 128). For example, if a company is hiring a sales manager, the candidate who is young and a fresh graduate will likely to get the Job compared to a candidate who is older in age, aired and with children. The business manager perceives that it will be easier to engage in people who is y oung and has motivation than people who is more devoted to their family and children than with Job responsibility. This supports the managers statement that it is better to rely on stereotypes than engaging with someone of another culture. Advantages of stereotyping have its limitation. Problem occurs when we inaccurately stereotype especially when we speed read others, drawing incorrect pictures because we see what we want to see resulting in unwarranted conclusions from an ambiguous situation. For example, all accountants are not quiet and introspective, just as all salespeople are not aggressive and outgoing. Stereotype in recruitment interviews will hinder the company of an opportunity to recruit the right candidate when interviewers make instinctive Judgment that are often inaccurate which are based on appearance, racial, gender, education level and age. For example Overweight people are viewed in very negative terms, such as being lazy and undisciplined and lacking in self control, and they face widespread coordination'(Allan 1982, cited in Blaine 2000 p. 144). Inevitably, the interviewer will stifle that individuals imagination, initiative, sense of responsibility, and most importantly, his or her investment in the organization. If stereotyping is put in practice in a diversified management, it will become the biggest hurdle in growing developing talent in the organization by not capitalizing on peoples knowledge and such discrimination crushes entrepreneurial spirit. The organization will suffer because no senior management knows or can do everything. A stereotypical assumption about class kills everything that the company is working towards, including profits. Therein, leaders who are serious about fully engaging and leveraging the knowledge of the work force in the enterprise must be adamant about confronting these ingrained views to ensure the companys success, both in the short and long-term. Singapore is a paper chasing society especially in public sector as it still banks on typical assessment methodologies that rely too heavily on academic grades, degrees from top schools, prior industry experience and subjective interview results. Most Job positions are primarily determined by the academic grades and the working experience of the candidates. Thus, civil servants holding middle management level and above are local university graduates with good academic grades. Women in Singapore today have achieved great improvement in various aspects of men. Unfortunately, at the organizational level, women are still under-represented, facing psychological and corporate barriers as they try to move ahead in their careers. Based on Statistic Singapore workforce, the percentage of male holding the cost of administrative, managerial and professional Jobs are higher than females. Major Jobs for women are still dominantly employed in production and clerical work making them more vulnerable to economic fluctuation and retrenchment, low pay and little chance for advancement. This explains why there is still an income gap between female and male having the same Job scope. In short, Old stereotypes can be hard to change as men by virtue of their gender have higher status than women (Basso 1992 IPPP). Todays workforce (and society) demographics are more complex and hybrid than ever before and there is rarely any such thing as pure culture anymore. Thus, despite the fact that stereotyping is a natural method of classification and has useful functions under certain circumstances, it should not be used a standard platform to assess and rely on when it comes to hiring the right person for the company. An effective recruitment process will reduce the subjective element in interviews, increase the success rate of choosing the right candidate and hence cost saving for the company. References: http://www. Bigness. Com/papers/30247/Stereotyping/